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Modifications and Innovations in the Evolution of Mitochondrial Protein Import Pathways

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Endosymbiosis

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells are defined by their mitochondria, organelles that were derived through endosymbiosis. The development of this organelle from a bacterial endosymbiont required establishment of effective protein import pathways so that much of the genetic capacity of the bacterium could be relocated to the host cell. Two realms of study have delivered insight into the early evolution of these mitochondrial pathways: (1) considering the “starting material” based on what can be observed of protein trafficking pathways in extant species of bacteria and (2) analysing the protein import pathways of parasites whose mitochondria have undergone secondary reduction and now offer insight into minimal functional pathways. These approaches have illuminated what components of bacterial trafficking pathways were co-opted in the developing mitochondrion and what further innovations occurred within the eukaryote host. Now comparative analysis of model mitochondrial systems, with organelles found in a broad diversity of eukaryotes (namely protists), shows when in eukaryotic radiation these major innovations took place and what lineage-specific changes have since occurred to mitochondrial import systems in eukaryotes.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note added in proof: The assembly of Rip1 was recently investigated and found to depend on the AAA-ATPase Bcs1 (Wagener et al. 2011). This raises the intriguing possibility that the Tat pathway has been replaced by a functionally homologous system that translocates the folded Fe–S containing domain, but uses an entirely different protein3 machinery to do so.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, 3800, Australia

    Victoria Hewitt

  2. Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, 3800, Australia

    Trevor Lithgow

  3. School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia

    Ross F. Waller

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  1. Victoria Hewitt
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  2. Trevor Lithgow
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  3. Ross F. Waller
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Correspondence to Trevor Lithgow or Ross F. Waller .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Wolfgang Löffelhardt

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Hewitt, V., Lithgow, T., Waller, R.F. (2014). Modifications and Innovations in the Evolution of Mitochondrial Protein Import Pathways. In: Löffelhardt, W. (eds) Endosymbiosis. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1303-5_2

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