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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling via Transporters in Zebrafish and Mice

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Bioactive Lipid Mediators

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Abstract

The bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a pivotal role in various cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. S1P is intracellularly produced by sphingosine kinases and is released from the cells. Subsequently, the secreted S1P associates with S1P receptors (S1PRs) on a target cell surface, causing activation of downstream signaling pathways. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely used as a vertebrate model organism to study the processes of organogenesis and morphogenesis. Spns2 was originally identified as an S1P transporter in zebrafish; Spns2 regulates the migration of cardiac progenitors via the S1PR2 receptor. Murine and human SPNS2 can also transport S1P from the cells. In mice, SPNS2 enables transport of S1P from vascular endothelial cells into the plasma and regulates lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. Recent remarkable developments in genome-editing technologies, such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)9 system, allow researchers to introduce genomic modifications in various model animals. In this chapter, we review not only the physiological roles of S1P transporters in mammals and zebrafish but also the strategy for generating S1PR-knockout zebrafish using genome-editing technologies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Drs. S. Ota, N. Kobayashi, and A. Yamaguchi for valuable discussion. This work was supported by the Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (NEXT Program) and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, Riken, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Yu Hisano

  2. Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Nishi

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Nishi

  4. Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chimogatou 1110, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan

    Atsuo Kawahara

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  1. Yu Hisano
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  2. Tsuyoshi Nishi
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  3. Atsuo Kawahara
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Correspondence to Yu Hisano or Atsuo Kawahara .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Takehiko Yokomizo

  2. Lipid Metabolism Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Makoto Murakami

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Hisano, Y., Nishi, T., Kawahara, A. (2015). Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling via Transporters in Zebrafish and Mice. In: Yokomizo, T., Murakami, M. (eds) Bioactive Lipid Mediators. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55669-5_15

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