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CagA

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Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. H. pylori injects the cagA-encoded CagA protein into the host gastric epithelial cells. Recent studies revealed that CagA acts as a pathogenic/oncogenic scaffold, which promotes oncogenic signaling in the delivered host cells. Indeed, CagA interacts with a variety of cellular proteins and deregulates their functions. More specifically, the N-terminal structured region of CagA associates with ASPP2 and RUNX3. The C-terminal disordered region of CagA possesses multiple segments containing the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (SFKs), and the CagA-multimerization (CM) sequence. The EPIYA segments interact with SH2 domain-containing proteins such as SHP2 and Csk in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner, whereas the CM sequence binds to the polarity-regulating kinase PAR1 in a tyrosine phosphorylation-independent manner. We propose a hypothesis that mammalian proteome contains a distinct class of proteins carrying an EPIYA or EPIYA-like sequence, which are imitated by bacterial EPIYA effectors such as CagA to perturb intracellular signaling in the host cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Yoshie Senda & Masanori Hatakeyama

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  1. Yoshie Senda
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  2. Masanori Hatakeyama
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Correspondence to Masanori Hatakeyama .

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  1. Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Hidekazu Suzuki

  2. The Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia and, Western Australia, West Australia, Australia

    Robin Warren

  3. The Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia and, Western Australia, Australia

    Barry Marshall

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Senda, Y., Hatakeyama, M. (2016). CagA. In: Suzuki, H., Warren, R., Marshall, B. (eds) Helicobacter pylori. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55705-0_3

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