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HCV Receptors and Virus Entry

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Hepatitis C Virus I

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters its target cells in a tightly regulated process that relies on several host factors. These host factors can be classified into three distinct categories depending on their role in the entry process, namely attachment factors, entry factors and facilitators. HCV entry is the target of host neutralizing anti-HCV antibody response. Furthermore, HCV entry is the first step of virus-host interaction and thus, in-part determines the hepato- and species tropism of the virus. Understanding HCV entry is, thus, not only crucial for development of novel entry-inhibitors and vaccine but also for developing new animal models to evaluate novel therapeutics and study disease pathogenesis. Research in the last 25 years has given unprecedented insights into the molecular aspects of HCV entry and its intricate association with the host. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the host factors involved in HCV entry and the molecular mechanisms determining the entry process.

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Abbreviations

Apo:

Apolipoprotein

CD81:

Cluster of differentiation 81

CLDN:

Claudin

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EphA2:

Ephrin type-A receptor 2

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HCVcc:

Cell culture-derived HCV

HCV-LP:

HCV-like particles

HCVpp:

HCV pseudoparticles

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

HRas:

GTPase Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

HS:

Heparan sulfate

HSPG:

Heparan sulfate glycoprotein

HVRI:

Hypervariable region I

IRES:

Internal ribosomal entry site

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

LDL-R:

Low density lipoprotein receptor

LEL:

Large extracellular loop

LVP:

Lipo-viral particle

NPC1L1:

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1

OCLN:

Occludin

PKA:

Protein kinase A

SDC:

Syndecan

SEL:

Small extracellular loop

SR-BI:

Scavenger receptor class B type I

TEM:

Tetraspanin enriched microdomain

TfR1:

Transferrin receptor protein 1

UTR:

Untranslated region

VLDL:

Very low density lipoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inserm U1110, Institute de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000, Strasbourg, France

    Rajiv G. Tawar, Catherine Schuster & Thomas F. Baumert M.D.

  2. Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Rajiv G. Tawar, Catherine Schuster & Thomas F. Baumert M.D.

  3. Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France

    Thomas F. Baumert M.D.

Authors
  1. Rajiv G. Tawar
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  2. Catherine Schuster
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  3. Thomas F. Baumert M.D.
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Correspondence to Thomas F. Baumert M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Tatsuo Miyamura

  2. Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology , The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    Stanley M. Lemon

  3. Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Christopher M. Walker

  4. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Takaji Wakita

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Tawar, R.G., Schuster, C., Baumert, T.F. (2016). HCV Receptors and Virus Entry. In: Miyamura, T., Lemon, S., Walker, C., Wakita, T. (eds) Hepatitis C Virus I. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56098-2_5

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