Abstract
Although all the trees that compose a mature forest originate as seedlings on the forest floor, the composition of a seedling or sapling community of ten differs from that of the adult trees. While this discrepancy may signal a shift or fluctuation in the forest (see Chapter 6), it can be attributed to demographic behaviors of each species (e.g., Harcombe 1987; Aiba and Kohyama 1997). To understand the maintenance mechanisms of a forest community, or to predict the forest dynamics, we must consider the seedling and sapling stages, since they, as well as the seed stage, are the stages subject to drastic demographic changes (see Chapter 1). Following on the previous chapters of this volume on seed production (Chapter 9), dispersal (Chapter 10), and dormancy and germination (Chapter 11), I describe the young tree community in Ogawa Forest Reserve (OFR) in this chapter, especially as it relates to forest disturbances.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe S (1996) Life cycle and estimation of gap dependency for Styrax obassia, a sub-canopy tree species (in Japanese). Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
Abe S, Nakashizuka T, Masaki T (1995) Factors influencing sapling composition in canopy gaps of a temperate deciduous forest. Vegetatio 120:21–32
Abe S, Nakashizuka T, Tanaka H (1998) Effects of canopy gaps on the demography of the subcanopy tree Styrax obassia. J Veg Sci 9:787–796
Aiba I, Kohyama T (1997) Crown architecture and life-history traits of 14 tree species in a warm-temperate rain forest: significance of spatial heterogeneity. J Ecol 85:611–624
Brokaw NVL (1985a) Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. In: Pickett STA, White PS (eds) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic, Orlando, Florida, pp 53–69
Brokaw NVL (1985b) Gap-phase regeneration in a tropical forest. Ecology 66:682–687
Brokaw NVL, Scheiner SM (1989) Species composition in gaps and structure of a tropical forest. Ecology 70:538–541
Canham CD (1989) Different responses to gaps among shade-tolerant tree species. Ecology 70:548–550
Clark DA, Clark DB (1984) Spacing dynamics of a tropical rain forest tree: evaluation of the Janzen-Connel model. Am Nat 124:769–788
Ehrenfeld JG (1980) Understory response to canopy gaps of varying size in a mature oak forest. Bull Torrey Bot Club 107:29–41
Goldblum D (1997) The effect of treefall gaps on understory vegetation in New York State. J Veg Sci 8:125–132
Grey AN, Spies TA (1997) Microsite controls on tree seedling establishment in conifer forest canopy gaps. Ecology 78:2458–2473
Hara M (1987) Analysis of seedling banks of a climax beech forest: ecological importance of seedling sprouts. Vegetatio 71:67–74
Harcombe PA (1987) Tree life tabie. Simple birth, growth, and death data encapsulate life histories and ecological roles. Bioscience 37:557–568
Kransy ME, Whitmore MC (1991) Gradual and sudden forest canopy gaps in Allegheny northem hardwood forest. Can J For Res 20:659–667
Kupfer JA, Runkle JR (1996) Early gap successional pathways in a Fagus-Acer forest preserve: pattem and determinants. J Veg Sci 7:247–256
Lee DW, Oberbauer SF, Krishnapilay B, Mansor M, Mohamad H, Yap SK (1997) Effects of irradiance and spectral quality on seedling development of two Southeast Asian Hopea species. Oecologia 110: 1–9
Masaki T, Suzuki W, Niiyama K, Iida S, Tanaka H, Nakashizuka T (1992) Community structure of a species-rich temperate forest, Ogawa Forest Reserve, central Japan. Vegetatio 98:97–111
Nakashizuka T, Iida S (1995) Composition, dynamics and disturbance regime of temperate deciduous forests in Monsoon Asia. Vegetatio 121:23–30
Nakashizuka T, Iida S, Tanaka H, Shibata M, Abe S, Masaki T, Niiyama K (1992) Community dynamics of Ogawa Forest Reserve, a species-rich deciduous forest, central Japan. Vegetatio 103: 105–112
Orwig DA, Abrams MD (1995) Dendroecological and ecophysiological analysis of gap environments in mixed-oak understoreys ofnorthem Virginia. Funct Ecol 9:799–806
Poulson TL, Platt WJ (1989) Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity. Ecology 70:553–555
Putz FE, Canham CD (1992) Mechanisms of arrested succession in shrublands: root and shoot competition between shrubs and tree seedlings. For Ecol Manag 49:267–275
Rebertus AJ, Veblen TT (1993) Structure and tree-fall gap dynamics of old-growth Nothof agus forests in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J Veg Sci 4:641–654
Runkle JR (1985) Disturbance regimes in temperate forests. In: Pickett STA, White PS (eds) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic, Orlando, Florida, pp 17–33
Spies TA, Franklin JF (1989) Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forests of the pacific northwest. Ecology 70:543–545
Swaine MD, Whitmore TC (1988) On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests. Vegetatio 75:81–86
Tanaka H (1995) Seed demography of three co-occurring Acer species in a Japanese temperate deciduous forest. J Veg Sci 6:887–896
Uhl C, Clark K, Dezzeo N, Maquino P (1988) Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps. Ecology 69:751–763
van der Maarel E (1996) Pattem and process in the plant community: Fifty years after A.S. Watt. J Veg Sci 7: 19–28
Veblen TT (1989) Tree regeneration response to gaps along a transandean gradient. Ecology 70:541–543
Welden CW, Hewett SW, Hubbell SP, Foster RB (1991) Sapling survival, growth, and recruitment: relationship to canopy height in a neotropical forest. Ecology 72:35–50
White PS, Pickett STA (1985) Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction. In: Pickett STA, White PS (eds) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic, Orlando, Florida, pp 3–16
Whitmore TC (1982) On patt-m and process in forests. In: Newman EI (ed) The plant community as a working mechanism. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 45–59
Whitmore TC (1989) Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees. Ecology 70:536–538
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Abe, S. (2002). Seedling/Sapling Banks and Their Responses to Forest Disturbance. In: Nakashizuka, T., Matsumoto, Y. (eds) Diversity and Interaction in a Temperate Forest Community. Ecological Studies, vol 158. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67879-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67879-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-68000-0
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-67879-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive