Abstract
Platelets can be activated by interaction of their receptor proteins GPIbα and GPIIb/IIIa with von Willebrand factor under conditions of high shear stress. Platelets activated thus exhibit procoagulant activity through surface expression of negatively charged phospholipid and the release of procoagulant microparticles. Accumulation of tissue factor-bearing microparticles released from leukocytes around activated platelets may also contribute in some part to platelet-derived procoagulant activity. We developed an assay system to demonstrate the appearance of activated platelet-derived procoagulant activity on platelet thrombi formed on collagen fibrils under blood flow conditions. In this system, platelet thrombus formation as well as the appearance of fibrin monomers around the platelet thrombi can be visualized simultaneously with a multicolor fluorescence imaging system. We were able to provide evidence to suggest that some antiplatelet agents may have the potential to block activation of the coagulant cascade through inhibiting the procoagulant activity derived from activated platelets. In summary, it is important to interrupt the positive feedback loop between activation of platelets and the coagulant cascade for preventing the onset of arterial thrombotic diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Yeghiazarians Y, Braunstein JB, Askari A, et al (2000) Unstable angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 342:101–114
Coller BS, Peerschke EI, Scudder LE, et al (1983) A murine monoclonal antibody that completely blocks the binding of fibrinogen to platelets produces a thrombastheniclike state in normal platelets and binds to glycoproteins IIb and/or IIIa. J Clin Invest 72:325–338
Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ, et al (2002) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 359:189–198
(1997) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. The EPILOG Investigators. N Engl J Med 336:1689–1696
Gurbel PA, Serebruany VL (2000) Oral platelet IIb/IIIa inhibitors: from attractive theory to clinical failures. J Thromb Thrombolysis 10:217–220
Goto S (2004) Understanding the mechanism of platelet thrombus formation under blood flow conditions and the effect of new antiplatelet agents. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2:23–32
Hoshiba Y, Hatakeyama K, Tanabe T, et al (2006) Co-localization of von Willebrand factor with platelet thrombi, tissue factor and platelets with fibrin, and consistent presence of inflammatory cells in coronary thrombi obtained by an aspiration device from patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Thromb Haemost 4:114–120
Yamashita A, Asada Y, Sugimura H, et al (2003) Contribution of von Willebrand factor to thrombus formation on neointima of rabbit stenotic iliac artery under high blood-flow velocity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:1105–1110
Monroe DM, Hoffman M, Roberts HR (2002) Platelets and thrombin generation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1381–1389
Niemetz J, Marcus AJ (1974) The stimulatory effect of platelets and platelet membranes on the procoagulant activity of leukocytes. J Clin Invest 54:1437–1443
Goto S, Tamura N, Li M, et al (2003) Different effects of various anti-GPIIb-IIIa agents on shear-induced platelet activation and expression of procoagulant activity. J Thromb Haemost 1:2022–2030
Miyazaki Y, Nomura S, Miyake T, et al (1996) High shear stress can initiate both platelet aggregation and shedding of procoagulant containing microparticles. Blood 88: 3456–3464
Giesen PL, Rauch U, Bohrmann B, et al (1999) Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:2311–2315
Falati S, Liu Q, Gross P, et al (2003) Accumulation of tissue factor into developing thrombi in vivo is dependent upon microparticle P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and platelet P-selectin. J Exp Med 197:1585–1598
Falati S, Gross P, Merrill-Skoloff G, et al (2002) Real-time in vivo imaging of platelets, tissue factor and fibrin during arterial thrombus formation in the mouse. Nat Med 8:1175–1181
Born GV (1962) Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature 194:927–929
Ikeda Y, Handa M, Kawano K, et al (1991) The role of von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen in platelet aggregation under varying shear stress. J Clin Invest 87: 1234–1240
Goto S, Ikeda Y, Murata M, et al (1992) Epinephrine augments von Willebrand factor-dependent shear-induced platelet aggregation. Circulation 86:1859–1863
Goto S, Salomon DR, Ikeda Y, et al (1995) Characterization of the unique mechanism mediating the shear-dependent binding of soluble von Willebrand factor to platelets. J Biol Chem 270:23352–23361
Goto S, Ikeda Y, Saldivar E, et al (1998) Distinct mechanisms of platelet aggregation as a consequence of different shearing flow conditions. J Clin Invest 101:479–486
Goto S, Tamura N, Eto K, et al (2002) Functional significance of adenosine 5′-diphosphate receptor (P2Y(12)) in platelet activation initiated by binding of von Willebrand factor to platelet GP Ibalpha induced by conditions of high shear rate. Circulation 105:2531–2536
Tamura N, Yoshida M, Ichikawa N, et al (2002) Shear-induced von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet surface translocation of the CD40 ligand. Thromb Res 108:311–315
Hagihara M, Higuchi A, Tamura N, et al (2004) Platelets, after exposure to a high shear stress, induce IL-10-producing, mature dendritic cells in vitro. J Immunol 172: 5297–5303
Sakakibara M, Goto S, Eto K, et al (2002) Application of ex vivo flow chamber system for assessment of stent thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1360–1364
Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, et al (1996) A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 334:1084–1089
Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, et al (2006) Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 354:1706–1717
Goto S, Tamura N, Ishida H, et al (2006) Dependence of platelet thrombus stability on sustained glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation through adenosine 5′-diphosphate receptor stimulation and cyclic calcium signaling. J Am Coll Cardiol 47:155–162
Goto S, Tamura N, Ishida H (2004) Ability of anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa agents to dissolve platelet thrombi formed on a collagen surface under blood flow conditions. J Am Coll Cardiol 44:316–323
Goto S, Handa S (1998) Coronary thrombosis. Effects of blood flow on the mechanism of thrombus formation. Jpn Heart J 39:579–596
Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, et al (2007) One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. Jama 297:1197–1206
Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM, et al (2006) International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. Jama 295:180–189
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goto, S. (2008). Platelet Procoagulant Activity Appeared by Exposure of Platelets to Blood Flow Conditions. In: Tanaka, K., Davie, E.W., Ikeda, Y., Iwanaga, S., Saito, H., Sueishi, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 2008. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78847-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-78847-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-78846-1
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-78847-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)