Abstract
Grim (1953) first indicated that high temperature transformation of a material in some cases proceeds in an orderly manner. The structure of the new phase inherits directly from the parent material. It is assumed that oxygen network of the parent material may slightly be modified during heating. Only the cations diffuse and rearrange to develop a new crystal lattice.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
W.F. Bradley, R.E. Grim, High-temperature thermal effects of clay and related materials. Am. Miner. 36(3/4), 182–201 (1951)
G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: I, a survey of outstanding problems. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 311–314 (1959a)
G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: II, metakaolin. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 314–318 (1959b)
G.W. Brindley, M. Nakahira, The kaolinite–mullite reaction series: III, the high-temperature phases. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42(7), 319–324 (1959c)
A.K. Chakraborty, D.K. Ghosh, Study of phase transformation of Al2O3–SiO2 gel and kaolinitic clay. Trans. Ind. Ceram. Soc. 37(5), 192–200 (1978a)
A.K. Chakraborty, D.K.Ghosh, Comment on the interpretation of the kaolinite–mullite reaction sequence from infra–red absorption spectra. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 61(1–2), 90–91 (1978b) (Reply by H.J. Percival. ibid., 61 (1–2) 91 (1978))
A.K. Chakraborty, D.K. Ghosh, Re-examination of the kaolinite to mullite reaction series. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 61(3–4), 170–173 (1978c)
C.Y. Chen, G.S. Lan, W.H. Tuan, Micro structural evolution of mullite during the sintering of kaolinite powder compacts. Ceram. Int. 26(7) 715–720 (2000)
J.J. Comer, Electron microscope studies of mullite development in fired kaolinite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 43(7), 378–384 (1960)
J.J. Comer, New Electron-optical data on the kaolinite–mullite transformation. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 44(11), 561–563 (1961)
J.E. Comeforo, R.B. Fischer, W.F. Brandley, Mullitization of kaolinite. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 31(9), 254–259 (1948)
D.R. Dasgupta, Topotactic transformations. Ind. J. Earth Sci. 1(1), 60–72 (1974)
R.E. Grim, Clay Mineralogy. (McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1953)
W.D. Johns, High-temperature phase changes in kaolinites. Mineral. Mag. 30(222), 186–198 (1953)
S. Lee, Y.J. Kim, H-S. Moon, Phase transformation sequence from kaolinite to mullite investigated by an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82(10), 2841–2848 (1999)
S. Lee, Y.J. Kim, H.J. Lee, H-S. Moon, Electron-beam-induced phase transformations from metakaolinite to mullite investigated by EF-TEM and HRTEM. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84(9), 2096–2098 (2001)
F.K. Lotgering, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 9, 113 (1959) (in J.D. Bernal; Topotaxi. Schw. Archiv. Jharb., 26, 69)
J.D.C. McConnell, S.G. Fleet, Electron optical study of the thermal decomposition of kaolinite. Clay Miner. 8, 279–290 (1970)
C.J. McConville, W.E. Lee, J.H. Sharp, Micro structural evolution in fired kaolinite. Br. Ceram. Trans. 97(4), 162–168 (1998a)
C. McConville, W.E. Lee, J.H. Sharp, Comparison of micro structural evolution in kaolinite powders and dense clay bodies. Br. Ceram. Proc. 58, 75–92 (1998b)
J.S. Moya, C.J. Serna, J.E. Igesias, On the formation of mullite from kandites. J. Mater. Sci. 20, 32–36 (1985)
K. Okada, N. Ostuka, J. Ossaka, Characterization of spinel phase formed in the kaolin–mullite thermal sequence. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69(10), C-251–C-253 (1986)
F. Onike, G.D. Martin, A.C. Dunham, Time–temperature–transformation curves for kaolinite. Mater. Sci. Forum 7, 73–82 (1986)
J.M.A. Rincon, G. Thomas, J.S. Moya, Micro structural study of sintered mullet. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69(2), C-29-C-31 (1986)
K.H. Schuller and H. Kromer, Primary mullite as a pseudomorph after kaolinite. in Proceedings of the International Clay Conference (Mexico City, 1975). ed. by S. W. Bailey, (Applied Publishing, Wilmette, IL, 1976) p. 533–538
K. Srikrishna, G. Thomas, R. Martinez, M.P. Corral, S. Aza, J.S. Moya, Kaolinite–mullite reaction series: A TEM study. J. Mater. Sci. 25, 607–612 (1990)
Y. Tsuzuki, K. Nagasawa, A transitional stage to 980ºC exotherm of kaolin minerals. Clay Sci. 3(5), 87–102 (1969) (Kaolin Minerals)
S. Udagawa, T. Nakada, M. Nakahira, Molecular structure of allophane as revealed by its thermal transformationin, in Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, ed. by Editor-in-chief Lisa Heller bisa Heller, vol. 1 (Israil University Press, Gerusalem, 1969), p. 151
K. Von Gehlen, Oriented Formation of Mullite from Al–Si spinel in the transformation series Kaolinite–Mullite. Ber. Deut. Keram. Ges. 39(6), 315–320 (1962)
A. Weiss, K.J. Range, J. Russow, The Al,Si-Spinel Phase from Kaoinite ( Isolation, Chemical Analysis, Orientation and Reactions to Its Low-Temperature Precursors), In Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Tokyo, 1969, vol. 2 (Israel Universities Press, 1970), pp. 34–37
A. Weiss, K.J. Range, J. Russow, The Al,Si-Spinel phase from kaoinite ( Isolation, chemical analysis, orientation and reactions to its low-temperature precursors), In Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Tokyo, 1969, vol. 2 (Israel Universities Press, 1970), pp. 34–37
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer India
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chakraborty, A.K. (2014). Topotaxy IN K-MK-AL/SI Spinel-Mullite Reaction Series. In: Phase Transformation of Kaolinite Clay. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1154-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1154-9_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi
Print ISBN: 978-81-322-1153-2
Online ISBN: 978-81-322-1154-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)