Abstract
Out of several medicinal and ornamental plants screened for anti-tobamovirus activity, the leaf extract of Pseuderanthemum bicolor Radlk. plant (Family: Acanthaceae) showed 94–100 % antiviral activity on Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub and Nicotiana tabacum var Np 31 test hosts. Pseuderanthemum bicolor systemic resistance inducer (PBSRI) occurring in the leaves of P. bicolor plant was most effective, and pre-inoculation sprays of SRI completely prevented the infection and to some extent multiplication of tobamo and potex viruses when sprayed over the test hosts reacting hypersensitively or systemically.
The degree of resistance induced varied slightly in different host–virus combinations and increased with time and could be reversed by simultaneous application of actinomycin-D (20 µg/ml) (Merck, Sharp and Dhome, U.S.A), which indicated that induction of resistance was host mediated and associated with synthesis of some virus-inhibitory agent (VIA) in treated host. The treated plants developed antiviral state due to alterations in metabolic state after 18–24 h of PBSRI treatment which lasted for about 15 days.
PBSRI was highly thermostable at higher dilution and was active even after prolonged storage at pH 6–8. The active principle occurring in PBSRI when mixed principle was absorbed by charcoal and celite, was not sedimented by ultracentrifugation at 120,000 g for 90 min, and thus appears to be smaller than the smallest virus, is non-dialyzable, actively precipitated by protein precipitants, i.e. ammonium sulfate (BDH), absolute alcohol and lost its activity when incubated with proteolytic enzymes like trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase and papain (Serva Fine Biochemica, Germany).
The PBSRI showed broad spectrum antiviral activity against different host–virus combinations.
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Acknowledgments
Dr. M. M. Abid Ali Khan is thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, Government of India for providing financial assistance during the tenure of present investigations at the Plant Virus Laboratory, Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow (India). The work presented in this research paper is a part of PhD thesis of Dr. M. M. Abid Ali Khan awarded by the Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
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Khan, M., Haider, S., Rizvi, M., Rizvi, S. (2014). Occurrence of Antiviral Systemic Resistance Inducer in Pseuderanthemum bicolor Radlk., Its Mode of Action and Biophysico-Chemical Properties. In: Kharwar, R., Upadhyay, R., Dubey, N., Raghuwanshi, R. (eds) Microbial Diversity and Biotechnology in Food Security. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1801-2_15
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