Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determinants of Health Status

  • Chapter
Determinants of Health Status in India

  • 609 Accesses

Abstract

There is no single index for measuring the health status of a country or society, as it is a multidimensional concept. In the absence of such an index, we use a number of indicators to represent health status. Though the health status of an individual is diagnosed by a physician, for evaluating the health status of a society or population, aggregation of health data is the only way to assess the health status. There is, however, no comprehensive or absolute measure to assess the health status of a population. It may be mentioned here that most of the health indicators are actually negative aspects of health. These negative indicators in fact help us in estimating the status of health since a decline in these indicators implies an improvement in the health condition. Some of these indicators which have been selected for the present study are infant mortality, child mortality, maternal mortality, death rates, crude death rates, percentage of underweight children, percentage of stunted children and life expectancy as already discussed in the earlier sections. For most of these indicators, we have tried to segregate them into rural and urban sectors in an attempt to know the difference in health status between the two sectors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams SJ (2002) Educational attainments and health: evidence from a sample of older adults. Educ Econ 10(1):97–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adukia A (2014) Sanitation and education, Working paper, Harvard University, Harvard, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • American College of Physicians (2012) Internal medicine, doctors for adults, summary of position. Paper approved by the ACP Board of Regents

    Google Scholar 

  • Anan A (1993) Gender preference for children, Demographic and health surveys, comparative studies, no-23. Macro International, Calverton

    Google Scholar 

  • Anekwe TD, Kuner S (2012) The effects of vaccination programmes on child anthropometry: evidence from India’s universal immunisation programme. J Public Health 34(4):489–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Arcury TA, Wilbert M, Gesler JS. Preisser JS, Spencer J, Perin J (2005) The effects of geography and spatial behaviour on health care utilisation among the residents of a rural region. Health Ser Rec 40(1):135–155, US

    Google Scholar 

  • Arend JN (2001) Education effects of health: causal or from unobserved components: a panel data analysis with endogenous education. Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Arendt JN (2005) Does education cause better health? A panel data analysis. Using school reforms for identification. Econ Educ Rev 24:149–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ARWSS, Swajaldhara Schemes (2007) Swajaldhara rural drinking water scheme. Govt of India, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Asafu-Adjaye J (2004) Income inequality and health: a multi- country analysis. Int J Soc Econ 31:194–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee A, Jacob S, Kremer M, Lanjouw J, Lanjouw P (2000) Promoting school participation in rural Rajasthan: results from some prospective trials. MIT, Cambridge, MA, mimeo

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharat Nirman Programme (2005) Statewise target and achievement of national rural drinking water programme (NRDWP) under BNP in India

    Google Scholar 

  • Blane D, White I, Morris J (1996) Education, social circumstances and mortality. In: Blane D, Brunner E, Wilkinson RG (eds) Health and social organisation. Routledge, London

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blomm DE, et al (2005) Health and economic growth: reconciling the micro and macro evidence. Working Paper No. 42. Centre on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. Stanford Institute of International Studies, pp 2, 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonu S, Rani M, Baker TD (2003) The impact of national polio immunisation campaign on levels and equity in immunisation coverage: evidence from rural north India. Soc Sci Med 57(10):1807–1819

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breierova L, Duflo E (2004) The impact of education on fertility and child mortality: Do fathers really matter less than mothers. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Case A, Fetig A, Paxson C (2005) The lasting impact of childhood health and circumstances. J Health Econ 24:365–389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark D, Royer H (2008) Effects of education on adult mortality and health: evidence from UK, Working paper. University of Florida, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  • Coutoyannis P, Jones AM (2004) Socioeconomic status, health and life style. Health Econ 23:965–995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corman H, Grossman M (1985) Determinants of neonatal mortality rates in the US. J Health Econ 4:213–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler D, Miller G (2005) The role of public health improvements in health advances the twentieth century United States. Demography 42(1):1–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler D, Muney M (2007) Education and health, Policy brief. National Poverty Centre, Ann Arbor/Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler D, Deaton A, Lleras-Muney A (2006) The determinants of mortality. J Econ Perspect 20:97–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das Gupta M (1987) Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Popul Dev Rev 13(1):77–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deaton A, Paxson C (2001) Mortality, education, income inequality among american cohorts. In: Wise PA (ed) Themes in the economics of aging. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Erbsland MW, Volker U (1995) Health, health care and the environment, econometric evidence from German micro data. Econ Health Econ 4:169–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell P, Fuchs V (1982) Schooling and health. J Health Econ 1:217–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein L, Hammond C (2004) The contribution of adult learning to health and social capital. Oxf Rev Educ 30(21):199–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein L, et al (2006) Measuring the effects of education on health and civic engagement. In: Proceedings of the Copenhagen symposium, OECD, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink G, Gunther I, Hill K (2011) The effect of water and sanitation on child health: evidence from demographic and health surveys. Int J Epidem 40(5):1196–1204

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonsica R, Zheng Y (2011) Effects of education on health: cross country evidence. Working paper, rand, labour and population. Santa Monica: RAND.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fordyce MA, Chen FM, Doeschen MP, Gary Hart L (2007) Physician supply and distribution in rural areas of the United States. Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs VR (2004) Reflections on the socioeconomic correlates of health. J Health Econ 23:653–661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glewwe P (1999) Why does mother’s schooling raise child health in developing countries? J Hum Res 34(1):124–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goli S, Arokiasamy P (2013) Trends in health and health inequalities among major states in India: assessing progress through convergence models. Health Econ Policy Law 9(2):143–168. doi 10.1017/S17441331130000042

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman DC, Fisher E, Stukel TA, Chang CH (1977) The distance to community medical care and the likelihood of hospitalisation: is closer always better? Am J Public Health 87

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman M (1972) On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. J Polit Econ 80:223–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman M (2000) The human capital model. In: Culyer AJ, Newhouse JP (eds) Handbook of health economics, vol 1a. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman M, Kaestner R (1997) Effects of education on health. In: Behrmeen JR, Stacey N (eds) The social benefits of education. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumber A (2001) Economic reforms and the health sector: toward health equity in India: National seminar on economic reforms and employment in the Indian economy. Institute of Applied Manpower Research and Planning Commission, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumber A, Kulkarni V (2000) Health insurance for the informal sector: a case study of Gujarat, Economic and Political Weekly, September

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwntkein DR (2000) Health inequalities and the health of the poor. Bull World Health Org 78(1):55–65

    Google Scholar 

  • IIPS (2007–2008) IIPS and macro international (2007) National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005–06, India, vol 1, Mumbai

    Google Scholar 

  • IIPS (2010) District level household and facility survey (DLHS-3) 2007–08, India. International Institute of population Sciences, Mumbai

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalan J, Ravillion M (2003) Does piped water reduce diarrhoea for children in rural India. J Econ 112(1):153–173

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K, Prothrow-Stith P (1979) Social capital income inequality and mortality. Am J Public Health 87(9):1491–1498

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieras-Muney A (2005) The relationship between education and adult mortality in US. Rev Econ Stud 72:189–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macagba RL (1985) Hospitals and primary health care. Sponsored: International Health Care, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattson J (2010) Transportation, distance and health care utilisation for older adults in rural and small urban areas. Research sponsored by Federal Transit Administration, United States, Department of Transportation

    Google Scholar 

  • McMichael T, Biaglehole R (2003) The global content for public health. In: Beaglehole R (ed) Global public health: a new era. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Meara E (2001) Why is health related to socioeconomic status? The case of pregnancy and low birth weight. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Cambridge, MA

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mellor JM, Milyo J (2002) Income inequality and health status in the United States: evidence from current population survey. J Hum Res 37(3):510–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller A (2002) Education, income inequality and mortality: a multiple regression analysis. BMJ 324:23–25

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Bureau of Economic Research (2012) Education, health and mortality: evidence from a social experiment. NBER Working Paper No. 17932

    Google Scholar 

  • National Water Policy (2002) Ministry of Water Resources, Govt of India

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemet GE, Bailey AJ (2000) Distances and health care utilisation among rural elderly. Soc Sci Med 50:1197–1208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Or Z, Wang J, Jamison D (2005) International differences in the impact of doctors on health: a multilevel analysis of OECD countries. J Health Econ 24:531–560

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pande P, Yazbeck AS. Beyond national averages for immunisation in India: income, gender, regional inequalities, Health, Nutrition and population (HNP) Series. Washington, DC, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Perianayagam A, Goli S (2013) Pathways of economic inequalities in maternal and child health in urban India: a decomposition analysis

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson A, Lupton D (1996) The new public health. Sage Publications, St. Leonard

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruss-Ustun A, Bos R, Gore F, Barstram J (2008) Safe water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability on interventions to protect and promote health. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao M, Rao MD, Shiva Kumar AK, Chatterjee M, Sundararaman T (2011) India towards universal health coverage. Lancet 377:586–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reading R, Surridge H, Adamson R (2004) Infant immunisation and family size. J Public Health Oxf J 26:369–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagan LA (1989) The health of nations: true causes of sickness and well-being. Basic Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoeps A Gabrysch S, Niamba L, Sie A, Becker H (2011) The effect of distance to health care facilities on childhood mortality in rural Burkina Faso, Multicentre Study, Research Support non US Govt

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S (2007) Immunisation coverage in India, Working paper series. No E/283/2007. Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Spasojevic J (2003) Effects of education on adult health in Sweden: results from a national experiment. PhD dissertation, City University of New York Graduate Center

    Google Scholar 

  • Status Report (2001) Public Health Infrastructure: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens PW (1984) The relationship between the level of household sanitation and child mortality: an examination of Ghanian data. African Demography working paper. University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas D, Strauss J, Henriques MH (1991) How does mother’s education affect child’s height? J Hum Res 26(2):183–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wildman J (2003) Modelling health, income and income inequality on health and health inequality. J Health Econ 22:521–538

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Water Aid: European Commission. Abandoning open defecation: comparison and adaptation of social change dynamics

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO and UNICEF (2006) Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target: the urban and rural challenges of the decades. New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Winters CA, Cudney SA, Sullivan T, Thresen A (2006) The rural context and women’s self-management of chronic health conditions. Chronic Ill 2:273–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woldemicael G (2000) The effects of water supply and sanitation on child mortality in urban Eritrea. University of Asmara, Eritrea

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1993) Investing in health. World development report. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Report (2002) Health. World development indicators. World Bank, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J (2010) The impact of water quality on health: evidence form drinking water infrastructure program in rural China, University of Maryland, College Park (Job market paper)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Management, Nongthymmai, Shillong, India

    Keya Sengupta

Authors
  1. Keya Sengupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sengupta, K. (2016). Determinants of Health Status. In: Determinants of Health Status in India. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2535-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation