Abstract
We wish to tackle a survey on the overall understanding of the molecular properties, biological occurrence, physiological role and evolutionary origin of Root-effect Hbs.
Because high-Antarctic notothenioids still have Hbs endowed with Root effect also when the choroid rete is absent, this function may undergo neutral selection. Moreover, the deleterious effects of acidosis can be prevented by increase in the buffering capacity of Hb. Alternatively, high Hb buffer values may be related to the lower Hb content in the blood of notothenioids. As Hb is the main non-bicarbonate buffer in many vertebrates, a decrease in its concentration may entail detrimental consequences for blood acid-base regulation, which could be overcome by an increase in the number of buffering amino-acid residues per molecule. Whether these residues are the cause of the reduced Root effect, or the consequence of altered selection pressure on Hb buffer properties once the Root effect was diminished, remains an open question.
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Verde, C., Berenbrink, M., di Prisco, G. (2008). Evolutionary Physiology of Oxygen Secretion in the Eye of Fishes of the Suborder Notothenioidei . In: Bolognesi, M., di Prisco, G., Verde, C. (eds) Dioxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins. Protein Reviews, vol 9. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0807-6_7
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