Abstract
This review will proceed in a scholarly manner, starting from basic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles, partly corrected by the arrival of new concept and new information, and arriving later at the clinical application of the new drugs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hughes MA, Glass PSA, Jacobs JR (1992) Context sensitive halftime in multicompartment pharmacokinetic models for intravenous anesthetic drugs. Anesthesiology 76:334–341
Schwilden H, Schuttler J, Stoekel H (1983) Phcokinetics as applied to total intravenous anesthesia: theoretical considerations. Anesthesia 38[Suppl]:51–51
Ausems ME, Hug C, Stanski DR et al (1986) Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 65:362–373.
Fisher DM (1996) (Almost) everything you learned about pks was (somewhat) wrong! Editorial. Anesth Analg 83:901–903
Eger EI (1974) Anesthetic uptake and action. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1–25
Ausems ME, Vuyp J, Hug CC et al (1988) Comparison of a computer assisted infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 68:851–861
McEwan AI, Smith C, Dyar O et al (1993) Isoflurane Mac reduction by fentanyl. Anesthesiology 78:864–869
Brunner MD, Braithwaite P, Jihaveri R et al (1994) The Mac reduction of isoflurane by sufentanil. Br J Anesth 72:42–46
Lang E, Kapila E, Shlugman D et al (1996) The reduction of isoflurane MAC by remifentanil. Anesthesiology 85:71–78
Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR (1985) EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: the comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 62:234–241
Scott JC, Cooke JE, Stanski JR (1991) Electroencephalographic quantitation of opioid effect: comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and sufentanil. Anesthesiology 74:34–42
White PF (1989) Clinical uses of intravenous anesthetic and analgesic infusions. Anesth Analg 68: 61–171
White PF, Dworsky W, Trevor AJ (1983) Comparison of continuous infusion fentanyl or keta-mine versus thiopental-determining the mean effective serum concentrations for outpatient surgery. Anesthesiology 59:564–569
White PF (1983) Use of continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of fentanyl or ketamine during outpatient anesthesia. Anesthesiology 59:294–300
Pathak KS, Brown RH, Nash CL et al (1983) Continuous opioid infusion for scoliosis fusion surgery. Anesth Analg 62:841–845
Kazama T, Ikeda K, Morita K (1997) Reduction by fentanyl of the Cp50 values of propofol and haemodynamic responses to various noxious stimuli. Anesthesiology 87:213–227
Smith C, McEwan AI, Jhaveri R et al (1994) The interaction of fentanyl on the Cp50 of propofol for loss of consciousness and skin incision. Anesthesiology 81:820–828
Wessen A, Persson PM, Nisson A et al (1993) Concentration effect relationships of propofol after total intravenous anesthesia. Acta Anaesth Scand 37:458–464
Davidson JAH, Macleod AD, Howie JC et al (1993) Effective concentration 50 for propofol with and without 67% nitrous oxide. Acta Anesth Scand 37:458–464
Saidman LJ, Eger EI (1964) Effect of nitrous oxide and of narcotic premedication on the alveolar concentration of halothane required for anesthesia. Anesthesiology 25:302–306
Zbinden AM, Maggiorini M, Petersen-Felix S et al (1994) I. Motor reactions. Anesthesiology 80:253–260
Hornbein TF, Eger EI, Winter PM et al (1982) The minimum alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide in man. Anesth AnaIg 61:553–556
Kopman AR, Lawson (1984) Milliampere requirements for supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve with surface electrodes. Anesthesiology 61:83–85
Spelina KR, Coates D, Monk CR et al (1986) Dose requirements of propofol by infusion during nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. I: Patients premedicated with morphine sulfate. Br J Anaesth 58:1080–1084
Quasha AL, Eger FI, Tinker JH (1980) Determination and applications of MAC. Anesthesiology 53:315–334
Eger EI, Saidman LJ, Brandstrater B (1965) Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: A standard of anesthetic potency. Anesthesiology 26:56–63
Ausems ME, Vuyk J, Hug CC et al (1988) Comparison of a computer-assisted infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement of nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 68:851–861
Pedersen CM, Thirstrups Nielsen-Kudsk JE (1993) Smooth muscle relaxant effects of propofol and ketamine in isolated guinea pig trachea. Eur J Pharmacol 238:75–80
Glass PSA, Bloom M, Kearse L et al (1997) Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 86:836–847
Vuyk J, Lim T, Engbers FHM et al (1995) The pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and alfentanil in lower abdominal surgery in female patients. Anesthesiology 83:8–22
Dershwitz M, Randell GI Rosow CE et al (1995) Initial clinical experience with remifentanil, a new opioid metabolized by esterases. Anesth Analg 81:619–623
Cunningham FE, Koke JF, Muir KT et al (1995) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of remifentanil GR90291 and alfentanil (abstract). Anesthesiology 83:A376
Schnider TH, Minto C, Camu F (1997) Model based calculation of safe remifentanil infusion rates for conscious sedation from non steady state data. Anesthesiology A355
Sebel et al (1995) Histamine concentrations and hemodynamic responses after remifentanil. Anesth Analg 80:990–993
Vinik HR, Bradley EL, Kissin I (1994) Triple anesthetic combination: propofol, midazolam, alfentanil. Anesth Analg 78:354–358
Egan TD, Minto C, Hermann DJ (1996) Remifentanil versus alfentanil: comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology 84: 821–833
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this paper
Cite this paper
Melloni, C. (1999). Analgesics. In: Gullo, A. (eds) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine — A.P.I.C.E.. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2145-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2145-7_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0051-3
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2145-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive