Skip to main content
  • 139 Accesses

Abstract

This review will proceed in a scholarly manner, starting from basic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles, partly corrected by the arrival of new concept and new information, and arriving later at the clinical application of the new drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hughes MA, Glass PSA, Jacobs JR (1992) Context sensitive halftime in multicompartment pharmacokinetic models for intravenous anesthetic drugs. Anesthesiology 76:334–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schwilden H, Schuttler J, Stoekel H (1983) Phcokinetics as applied to total intravenous anesthesia: theoretical considerations. Anesthesia 38[Suppl]:51–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ausems ME, Hug C, Stanski DR et al (1986) Plasma concentrations of alfentanil required to supplement nitrous oxide anesthesia for general surgery. Anesthesiology 65:362–373.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fisher DM (1996) (Almost) everything you learned about pks was (somewhat) wrong! Editorial. Anesth Analg 83:901–903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Eger EI (1974) Anesthetic uptake and action. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1–25

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ausems ME, Vuyp J, Hug CC et al (1988) Comparison of a computer assisted infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 68:851–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. McEwan AI, Smith C, Dyar O et al (1993) Isoflurane Mac reduction by fentanyl. Anesthesiology 78:864–869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brunner MD, Braithwaite P, Jihaveri R et al (1994) The Mac reduction of isoflurane by sufentanil. Br J Anesth 72:42–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lang E, Kapila E, Shlugman D et al (1996) The reduction of isoflurane MAC by remifentanil. Anesthesiology 85:71–78

    Google Scholar 

  10. Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR (1985) EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: the comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 62:234–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Scott JC, Cooke JE, Stanski JR (1991) Electroencephalographic quantitation of opioid effect: comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and sufentanil. Anesthesiology 74:34–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. White PF (1989) Clinical uses of intravenous anesthetic and analgesic infusions. Anesth Analg 68: 61–171

    Google Scholar 

  13. White PF, Dworsky W, Trevor AJ (1983) Comparison of continuous infusion fentanyl or keta-mine versus thiopental-determining the mean effective serum concentrations for outpatient surgery. Anesthesiology 59:564–569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. White PF (1983) Use of continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of fentanyl or ketamine during outpatient anesthesia. Anesthesiology 59:294–300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pathak KS, Brown RH, Nash CL et al (1983) Continuous opioid infusion for scoliosis fusion surgery. Anesth Analg 62:841–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kazama T, Ikeda K, Morita K (1997) Reduction by fentanyl of the Cp50 values of propofol and haemodynamic responses to various noxious stimuli. Anesthesiology 87:213–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Smith C, McEwan AI, Jhaveri R et al (1994) The interaction of fentanyl on the Cp50 of propofol for loss of consciousness and skin incision. Anesthesiology 81:820–828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wessen A, Persson PM, Nisson A et al (1993) Concentration effect relationships of propofol after total intravenous anesthesia. Acta Anaesth Scand 37:458–464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Davidson JAH, Macleod AD, Howie JC et al (1993) Effective concentration 50 for propofol with and without 67% nitrous oxide. Acta Anesth Scand 37:458–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Saidman LJ, Eger EI (1964) Effect of nitrous oxide and of narcotic premedication on the alveolar concentration of halothane required for anesthesia. Anesthesiology 25:302–306

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zbinden AM, Maggiorini M, Petersen-Felix S et al (1994) I. Motor reactions. Anesthesiology 80:253–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hornbein TF, Eger EI, Winter PM et al (1982) The minimum alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide in man. Anesth AnaIg 61:553–556

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kopman AR, Lawson (1984) Milliampere requirements for supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve with surface electrodes. Anesthesiology 61:83–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Spelina KR, Coates D, Monk CR et al (1986) Dose requirements of propofol by infusion during nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. I: Patients premedicated with morphine sulfate. Br J Anaesth 58:1080–1084

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Quasha AL, Eger FI, Tinker JH (1980) Determination and applications of MAC. Anesthesiology 53:315–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Eger EI, Saidman LJ, Brandstrater B (1965) Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: A standard of anesthetic potency. Anesthesiology 26:56–63

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ausems ME, Vuyk J, Hug CC et al (1988) Comparison of a computer-assisted infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a supplement of nitrous oxide for lower abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 68:851–861

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Pedersen CM, Thirstrups Nielsen-Kudsk JE (1993) Smooth muscle relaxant effects of propofol and ketamine in isolated guinea pig trachea. Eur J Pharmacol 238:75–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Glass PSA, Bloom M, Kearse L et al (1997) Bispectral analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 86:836–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Vuyk J, Lim T, Engbers FHM et al (1995) The pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and alfentanil in lower abdominal surgery in female patients. Anesthesiology 83:8–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dershwitz M, Randell GI Rosow CE et al (1995) Initial clinical experience with remifentanil, a new opioid metabolized by esterases. Anesth Analg 81:619–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cunningham FE, Koke JF, Muir KT et al (1995) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of remifentanil GR90291 and alfentanil (abstract). Anesthesiology 83:A376

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schnider TH, Minto C, Camu F (1997) Model based calculation of safe remifentanil infusion rates for conscious sedation from non steady state data. Anesthesiology A355

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sebel et al (1995) Histamine concentrations and hemodynamic responses after remifentanil. Anesth Analg 80:990–993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Vinik HR, Bradley EL, Kissin I (1994) Triple anesthetic combination: propofol, midazolam, alfentanil. Anesth Analg 78:354–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Egan TD, Minto C, Hermann DJ (1996) Remifentanil versus alfentanil: comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adult male volunteers. Anesthesiology 84: 821–833

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this paper

Cite this paper

Melloni, C. (1999). Analgesics. In: Gullo, A. (eds) Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine — A.P.I.C.E.. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2145-7_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2145-7_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0051-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2145-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics