Clinical Implications of Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract

Squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) represents the sixth most common malignancy and accounts for 6 % of all cancer cases. Radiotherapy represents the cornerstone of treatment both in early and in locally advanced disease. Despite advances in surgery, sophisticated irradiation techniques and utilization of novel chemotherapy strategies, prognosis has not significantly changed over the past 30 years. Optimal application of radiotherapy in head and neck cancers is often challenged by several tumor-related factors: total tumor burden, delineation of tumor borders, potential damage to healthy tissues around the tumor, tumor heterogeneity such as hypoxia and cell proliferation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the current standard for delineating tumors of the head and neck for radiotherapy. Modern imaging techniques may increase the therapeutic ratio and are currently being utilized. Novel imaging techniques such as PET/CT are utilized for diagnosis, staging and follow-up. The aim of this section is to summarize how application of these modalities in the management of head and neck cancers will revolutionize the outcome of these diseases.