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The Organisation of Welfare

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Public Services and the European Union

Part of the book series: Legal Issues of Services of General Interest ((LEGAL))

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Abstract

This chapter sets the scene and introduces few concepts related to welfare. Organised around the territoriality principle, the welfare state faces challenges in the context of globalisation. The creation of the internal market and population mobility brings the need to align welfare systems to the new socio-economic realities. The aim of this chapter is to give a description of different welfare regimes which will permit an easier understanding of the main chapters. The differences in organising welfare have important consequences regarding the extent to which European Union law applies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Rieger and Leibfried 2003, p. 6.

  2. 2.

    Vandenbroucke 2002.

  3. 3.

    Offe 2000, pp. 63–89.

  4. 4.

    Marshall 1963, p. 74.

  5. 5.

    Leibfried 2005.

  6. 6.

    Hantrais 2000, p. 1.

  7. 7.

    Leibfried 2005, p. 264.

  8. 8.

    Ibid.

  9. 9.

    Ibid.

  10. 10.

    On the role of the Court see: Weiler 1994, pp. 510–534; Weiler 1999; Burley and Mattli 1993, pp. 41–76; Stone Sweet and Caporaso 1998, pp. 92–133; Shapiro and Stone1994, pp. 397–420; Barnard 2000, pp. 49–69; O’Leary 2002; Chalmers 2004.

  11. 11.

    Art. 14 EC Treaty.

  12. 12.

    Case 8–74 Dassonville (Procureur du roi v. Benoit and Gustave Dassonville) (1974) ECR 837.

  13. 13.

    Esping-Andersen 2000, p. 154.

  14. 14.

    Goodin and Mitchell 2000.

  15. 15.

    Pierson 1998.

  16. 16.

    Goodin and Mitchell 2000.

  17. 17.

    Ibid., XII.

  18. 18.

    Ibid., XIV.

  19. 19.

    Pierson 1998, p. 9.

  20. 20.

    Goodin and Mitchell 2000.

  21. 21.

    Flora and Heidenheimer 1982, p. 22.

  22. 22.

    Marshall 1963.

  23. 23.

    Flora and Heidenheimer 1982, p. 23.

  24. 24.

    Ibid., 23.

  25. 25.

    Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 13.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., 4.

  27. 27.

    Ibid., 15.

  28. 28.

    Ibid., 15.

  29. 29.

    Titmuss 1974.

  30. 30.

    Hantrais 2000, p. 30.

  31. 31.

    Clasen and Van Oorschot 2002, pp. 89–115.

  32. 32.

    Ibid.

  33. 33.

    Briggs 2000.

  34. 34.

    Esping-Andersen 1990, p. 26.

  35. 35.

    Ibid., 27.

  36. 36.

    Ibid., 27.

  37. 37.

    Ibid., 28.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., 29.

  39. 39.

    See Hantrais 2000, p. 31.

  40. 40.

    Leibfried 1993.

  41. 41.

    Hantrais 2000, p. 35.

  42. 42.

    Ibid.

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    Ibid., 37.

  45. 45.

    Ibid., 38.

  46. 46.

    Titmuss 1976, p. 60.

  47. 47.

    Flora and Heidenheimer 1982.

  48. 48.

    Hatzopoulos 2005.

  49. 49.

    Ibid., 117.

  50. 50.

    Ibid.

  51. 51.

    In the following chapters it will be demonstrated that under the impact of Community law, Member States with NHS or benefits-in-kind systems must create reimbursement mechanisms in order to be able to reimburse the healthcare expenses incurred abroad by those who avail themselves of the freedom of services provisions.

  52. 52.

    See Chap. 3.

  53. 53.

    In France, over 80% of the national education expenditure is funded by the State. See Eurybase, National summary sheets on education systems in Europe and ongoing reforms, January, 2009, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/047DN/047_FR_EN.pdf. Accessed 15 April 2008.

  54. 54.

    See Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe, The Education System in the Netherlands 2006–2007, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/NL_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 April 2008.

  55. 55.

    Ibid.

  56. 56.

    See Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe, The Education System in the Netherlands, 2006–2007, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/NL_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2008.

  57. 57.

    National Summary Sheets of Education Systems in Europe and Ongoing Reforms, Austria, January 2007, Directorate General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/047DN/047_AT_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2008.

  58. 58.

    See Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe, The Education System in Austria, 2006–2007, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/AT_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2008.

  59. 59.

    See Eurybase, Structures of education, vocational training and adult education systems in Europe, Sweeden 2008, available at http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/041DN/041_SE_EN.pdf

  60. 60.

    See National Summary Sheets of Education Systems in Europe and Ongoing Reforms, Spain, July 2008, Directorate General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/047DN/047_ES_EN.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2008.

  61. 61.

    Key Data on Higher Education in Europe, Education and Culture DG, 2007, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/pdf/0_integral/088EN.pdf, p. 145, Accessed 17 August 2008.

  62. 62.

    Ibid., 146.

  63. 63.

    Ibid.

  64. 64.

    Joined Cases C-11/06 and C-12/06 Rhiannon Morgan v. Bezirksregierung Köln and Iris Bucher v. Landrat des Kreises Düren (2007) ECR I-9161; Case C-76/05, Marga Gootjes-Schwarz v. Finanzamt Bergisch Gladbach (2007)ECR I-6849.

  65. 65.

    See Eurybase The Information Database on Education Systems in Europe, The Education System in Germany, 2006–2007, Directorate-General for Education and Culture, available at: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/ressources/eurydice/eurybase/pdf/0_integral/DE_EN.pdf.

  66. 66.

    Leibfried 2005, p. 263.

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  1. European Commission DG Enterprise and Industry, 45 Avenue d’Auderghem, 1040, Brussels, Belgium

    Laura Nistor

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Nistor, L. (2011). The Organisation of Welfare. In: Public Services and the European Union. Legal Issues of Services of General Interest. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-805-7_2

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