Skip to main content

Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Mediterranean Forests

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 216))

Abstract

The Mediterranean climate is characterized by a regime of hot summer droughts and winter rains in the mid-latitudes, roughly between 30° and 45° North and South of the equator. The main area lying within the Mediterranean climate is the Mediterranean basin, but this climate also occurs in coastal areas of California, South America, South Africa and South and Western Australia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acherar M, Rambal S (1992) Comparative water relations of four Mediterranean oak species. Plant Ecol 99(100):177–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acuña V, Giorgi A, Muñoz I et al (2004) Flow extremes and benthic organic matter shape the metabolism of a headwater Mediterranean stream. Freshwater Biol 49:960–971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahearn DS, Sheibley RW, Dahlgren RA et al (2004) Temporal dynamics of stream water chemistry in the last free-flowing draining the western Sierra Nevada, California. J Hydrol 295:47–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Cobelas M, Angeler DG, Sánchez-Carrillo S (2008) Export of nitrogen from catchments: a world-wide analysis. Environ Pollut 156:261–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Cobelas M, Sánchez-Carrillo S, Angeler DG et al (2009) Phosphorus export from catchments: a global view. J N Am Benthol Soc 28:805–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Cobelas M, Angeler D, SÃnchez-Carrillo S, Almendros G (2010) A worldwide view of organic carbon export from catchments. Biogeochemistry. doi: 10.1007/s10533-010-9553-z

  • Andersen BR, Gundersen P (2000) Nitrogen and carbon interactions of forest soil water. In: Schulze ED (ed) Carbon and nitrogen cycling in European forest ecosystems, ecological studies. Springer, Berlin, pp 332–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderton SP, Latron J, White SM, Llorens P et al (2002) Internal evaluation of a physically-based distributed model using data from a Mediterranean mountain catchment. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:67–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artigas J, Romaní AM, Sabater S (2004) Organic matter decomposition by fungi in a Mediterranean forested stream: contribution of streambed substrata. Ann Limnol 40:269–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Àvila A, Rodrigo A, Rodà F (2002) Nitrogen circulation in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, La Castanya, Montseny, northeastern Spain. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:551–557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellot J, Àvila A, Rodrigo A (1999) Throughfall and stemflow. In: Rodà F, Retana J, Gracia CA, Bellot J (eds) Ecology of Mediterranean evergreen oak forests. Springer, Berlin, pp 209–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Belmonte F, Romero M (1998) A simple technique for measuring rainfall interception by small scrubs “interception flow collection box”. Hydrol Process 12:471–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal S, Butturini A, Sabater F (2002) Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:1031–1041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal S, Butturini A, Sabater F (2005) Seasonal variations of dissolved nitrogen and DOC:DON ratios in an intermittent Mediterranean stream. Biogeochemistry 75:351–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal S, Butturini A, Sabater F (2006) Inferring nitrate sources through end member mixing analysis in an intermittent Mediterranean stream. Biogeochemistry 81:269–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beven K (2002) Runoff generation in semi-arid areas. In: Bull LJ, Kirkby MJ (eds) Dryland rivers: hydrology and geomorphology of semi-arid channels. Wiley, London, pp 57–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussotti F, Bettini D, Grossoni P et al (2002) Structural and functional traits of Quercus ilex in response to water availability. Environ Exp Bot 47:11–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butterbach-Bahl K, Kahl M, Mykhayliv L et al (2009) A European-wide inventory of soil NO emissions using the biogeochemical models DNDC/Forest-DNDC. Atmos Environ 43:1392–1402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Sabater F (1999) Importance of transient storage zones for ammonium and phosphate retention in a sandy-bottom Mediterranean stream. Freshwater Biol 41:593–603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Sabater F (2000) Seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon in a Mediterranean stream. Biogeochemistry 51:303–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Sabater F (2002) Nitrogen concentrations in a small Mediterranean stream: 1. Nitrate 2. Ammonium. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:539–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Battin TM, Sabater F (2000) Nitrification in stream sediment biofilms: the role of ammonium concentration and DOC quality. Water Res 34:629–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Gallart F, Latron J et al (2006) Cross-site comparison of variability of DOC and nitrate c-q hysteresis during the autumn-winter period in three Mediterranean headwater streams: a synthetic approach. Biogeochemistry 77:327–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butturini A, Álvarez M, Bernal S et al (2008) Diversity and temporal sequences of forms of DOC and NO3-discharge responses in an intermittent stream: predictable or random succession? J Geophys. doi:10.1029/2008JG000721

    Google Scholar 

  • Casals P, Romanyà J, Cortina J et al (2000) CO2 efflux from a Mediterranean semi-arid forest soil. I. Seasonality and effects of stoniness. Biogeochemistry 48:261–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ceballos A, Schnabel S (1998) Hydrological behaviour of a small catchment in the dehesa landuse system (Extremadura, SW Spain). J Hydrol 210:146–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cinnirella S, Magnani F, Saracino A et al (2002) Response of a mature Pinus laricio plantation to a three-year restriction of water supply: structural and functional acclimatation to drought. Tree Physiol 22:21–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortina J, Romanya J, Vallejo VR (1995) Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from the forest floor of a mature Pinus radiata stand. Geoderma 66:321–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosandey C, Andreassian V, Martin C et al (2005) The hydrological impact of the mediterranean forest: a review of French research. J Hydrol 301:235–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowling RM, Rundel PW, Lamont BB et al (1996) Plant diversity in Mediterranean-climate regions trends in ecology. Evolution 11(9):362–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubera E, Moreno G (2007) Effect of land-use on soil water dynamic in dehesas of Central–Western Spain. Catena 71:298–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David TS, Gash JHC, Valente F (2005) Evaporation of intercepted rainfall. In: Anderson M (ed) Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences. Wiley, Chichester, pp 627–634

    Google Scholar 

  • David TS, Gash JHC, Valente F et al (2006) Rainfall interception by an isolated evergreen oak tree in a Mediterranean savannah. Hydrol Process 20:2713–2726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis SD, Kolb KJ, Barton KP (1998) Ecophysiological processes and demographic patterns in the structuring of California chaparral. In: Rundel PW, Montenegro G, Jaksic F (eds) Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in mediterranean-type ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, pp 297–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson TE, Pate JS (1996) Seasonal water uptake and movement in root systems of Australian phraeatophytic plants of dimorphic root morphology: a stable isotope investigation. Oecologia 107:13–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day JA (1983) Mineral nutrients in Mediterranean ecosystems. South African national Scientific Programmes Report No 71. Pretoria, South Africa

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries W, Van der Salm C, Reinds GJ et al (2007) Element fluxes through intensively monitored forest ecosystems in Europe and their relationships with stand and site characteristics. Environ Pollut 148(2):501–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dise NB, Rothwell JJ, Gauci V et al (2009) Predicting dissolved inorganic nitrogen leaching in European forests using two independent databases. Sci Total Environ 407:1798–1808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domingo F, Sanchez G, Moro MJ et al (1998) Measurement and modelling of rainfall interception by three semi-arid canopies. Agric Forest Meteorol 91:275–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkerley D (2000) Measuring interception loss and canopy storage in dryland vegetation: a brief review and evaluation of available research strategies. Hydrol Process 14:669–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eamus D, Hatton T, Cook P et al (2006) Ecohydrology: vegetation function, water and resource management. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenn ME, Poth MA (1999) Nitrogen deposition and cycling in Mediterranean forests: the new paradigm of nitrogen excess. In: Miller PR, McBride JR (eds) Oxidant air pollution impacts in the montane forests of southern California: a case study of the San Bernardino Mountains. Springer, New York, pp 288–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenn ME, Poth MA, Aber JD et al (1998) Nitrogen excess in North America Ecosystems: predisposing factors, ecosystems responses, and management strategies. Ecol Appl 8:706–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gan TY, Dlamini EM, Biftu GF (1997) Effects of model complexity and structure, data quality, and objective functions on hydrologic modeling. J Hydrol 192:81–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallart F, Latron J, Llorens P et al (1997) Hydrological functioning of Mediterranean mountain basins in Vallcebre, Catalonia: some challenges for hydrological modelling. Hydrol Process 11:1263–1272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallart F, Llorens P, Latron J et al (2002) Hydrological processes and their seasonal controls in a small Mediterranean mountain catchment in the Pyrenees. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:527–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallart F, Latron J, Llorens P et al (2007) Using internal catchment information to reduce the uncertainty of discharge and baseflow predictions. Adv Water Resour 30:808–823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallart F, Latron J, Llorens P, Beven KJ (2008) Upscaling discrete internal observations for obtaining catchment-averaged TOPMODEL parameters in a small Mediterranean mountain basin. Phys Chem Earth 33(17–18):1090–1094

    Google Scholar 

  • Galloway NJ (2005) The global nitrogen cycle. In: Schlesinger WH (ed) Biogeochemistry, Vol. 8, treatise on geochemistry. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 557–583

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao X, Giorgi F (2008) Increased aridity in the Mediterranean region under greenhouse gas forcing estimated from high resolution simulations with a regional climate model. Global Planet Change 62:195–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • García-Ruiz JM, Regüés D, Alvera B et al (2008) Flood generation and sediment transport in experimental catchments affected by land use changes in the central Pyrenees. J Hydrol 356:245–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gash JHC (1979) Analytical model of rainfall interception by forests. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 105:43–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gash JHC, Lloyd CR, Lachaud G (1995) Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model. J Hydrol 170:79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi F, Lionello P (2008) Climate change projections for the Mediterranean region. Global Planet Change 63:90–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez JA, Giraldez JV, Fereres E (2001) Rainfall interception by olive trees in relation to leaf area. Agric Water Manag 49:65–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Plaza A, Martínez-Mena M, Albaladejo J et al (2001) Factors regulating spatial distribution of soil water content in small semiarid catchments. J Hydrol 253:211–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorissen A, Tietema A, Joosten NN et al (2004) Climate change effects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems 7:650–661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grésillon JM, Taha A (1998) Saturated contributive areas in Mediterranean catchments: condition for appearance and consequent floods. Hydrolog Sci J 43:267–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst M, Rosier PTW, McNeil DD et al (2008) Seasonal variability of interception evaporation from the canopy of a mixed deciduous forest. Agric Forest Meteorol 148:1655–1667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Santana V, Martínez-Vilalta J, Martínez-Fernandez J et al (2009) Evaluating the effect of drier and warmer conditions on water use by Quercus pyrenaica. For Ecol Manag 258:1719–1730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herut B, Krom MD, Pan G et al (1999) Atmospheric input of nitrogen and phosphorous to the southeast Mediterranean: sources, fluxes, and possible impact. Limnol Oceanogr 44:1683–1692

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff C, Rambal S (2003) An examination of the interaction between climate, soil and leaf area index in a Quercus ilex ecosystem. Ann For Sci 60:153–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungate BA, Naiman RJ, Apps M et al (2003) Disturbance and element interactions. In: Melillo JM, Field CB, Moldan B (eds) Interactions of the major biogeochemical cycles, global change and human impacts. Island, Washington, pp 47–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Infante JM, Rambal S, Joffre R (1997) Modelling transpiration in holm-oak savannah: scaling up from the leaf to the tree scale. Agric For Meteorol 87:273–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson RB, Sperry JS, Dawson TE (2000) Root water uptake and transport: using physiological processes in global predictions. Trends Plant Sci 5:482–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen AL, Pratt BR, Davis SD et al (2007) Cavitation resistance and seasonal hydraulics differ among three arid Californian plant communities. Plant Cell Environ 30:1599–1609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joffre R, Rambal S (1993) How tree cover influences the water balance of Mediterranean rangelands. Ecology 74:570–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Joffre R, Rambal S (2002) Mediterranean ecosystems. In: Encyclopaedia of life sciences. Wiley, Chichester. doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003196

  • Joffre R, Rambal S, Damesin C (2007) Functional attributes in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In: Pugnaire FI, Valladares F (eds) Functional plant ecology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 285–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Lana-Renault N, Latron J, Regüés D (2007) Streamflow response and water-table dynamics in a sub-Mediterranean research catchment (Central Pyrenees). J Hydrol 347:497–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latron J, Gallart F (2007) Seasonal dynamics of runoff-contributing areas in a small Mediterranean research catchment (Vallcebre, Eastern Pyrenees). J Hydrol 335:194–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latron J, Gallart F (2008) Runoff generation processes in a small Mediterranean research catchment (Vallcebre, Eastern Pyrenees). J Hydrol 358:206–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latron J, Soler M, Llorens P et al (2008) Spatial and temporal variability of the hydrological response in a small Mediterranean research catchment (Vallcebre, Eastern Pyrenees). Hydrol Process 22:775–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latron J, Anderton S, White S, Llorens P, Gallart F (2003) Seasonal characteristics of the hydrological response in a Mediterranean mountain research catchment (Vallcebre, Catalan Pyrenees): field investigations and modelling. Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions. IAHS Publ. no. 278:106–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Latron J, Llorens P, Gallart F (2009) The hydrology of Mediterranean mountain areas. Geography Compass 3:2045–2064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levia DF, Frost EE (2003) A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystems. J Hydrol 274:1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis WM Jr (2002) Yield of nitrogen from minimally disturbed watersheds of the United States. Biogeochemistry 57(58):375–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Limousin JM, Rambal S, Ourcival JM et al (2008) Modelling rainfall interception in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystem: lesson from a throughfall exclusion experiment. J Hydrol 357:57–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Limousin JM, Rambal S, Ourcival JM et al (2009) Long-term transpiration change with rainfall decline in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest. Glob Change Biol 15:2163–2175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llorens P (1997) Rainfall interception by a Pinus sylvestris forest patch overgrown in a Mediterranean mountainous abandoned area.2. Assessment of the applicability of Gash’s analytical model. J Hydrol 199:346–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llorens P, Domingo F (2007) Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions. A review of studies in Europe. J Hydrol 335:37–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llorens P, Gallart F (1992) Small basin response in a Mediterranean mountainous abandoned farming area – research design and preliminary-results. Catena 19:309–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Llorens P, Poch R, Latron J et al (1997) Rainfall interception by a Pinus sylvestris forest patch overgrown in a Mediterranean mountainous abandoned area.1. Monitoring design and results down to the event scale. J Hydrol 199:331–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Löye-Pilot MD, Martin JM, Morelli J (1986) Influence of Saharan dust on the rain acidity and atmospheric input to the Mediterranean. Nature 321:427–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukey BT, Sheffield J, Bathurst JC et al (2000) Test of the SHETRAN technology for modelling the impact of reforestation on badlands runoff and sediment yield at Draix, France. J Hydrol 235:44–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnani F, Consiglio L, Erhard M et al (2004) Growth patterns and carbon balance of Pinus radiata and Pseudotsuga menziesii plantations under climate change scenarios in Italy. For Ecol Manag 202:93–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marc V, Didon-Lescot JF, Michael C (2001) Investigation of the hydrological processes using chemical and isotopic tracers in a small Mediterranean forested catchment during autumn recharge. J Hydrol 247:215–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martí E, Sabater F (1996) High variability in temporal and spatial nutrient retention in Mediterranean streams. Ecology 77:854–869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Vilalta J, Prat E, Oliveras I et al (2002a) Xylem hydraulic properties of roots and stems of nine Mediterranean woody species. Oecologia 133(1):9–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez-Vilalta J, Piñol J, Beven K (2002b) A hydraulic model to predict drought-induced mortality in woody plants: an application to climate change in the Mediterranean. Ecol Model 155:127–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Vilalta J, Mangiron M, Ogaya R et al (2003) Sap flow of three co-occurring Mediterranean woody species under varying atmospheric and soil water conditions. Tree Physiol 23:747–758

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowell N, Pockman WT, Allen CD et al (2008) Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytol 178:719–739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medici C, Butturini A, Bernal S (2008) Modelling the non-linear hydrological behaviour of a small Mediterranean forested catchment. Hydrol Process 22:3814–3828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meixner T, Fenn M (2004) Biogeochemical budgets in a Mediterranean catchment with high rates of atmospheric N deposition – importance of scale and temporal asynchrony. Biogeochemistry 70:331–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merseburger GC (2006) Nutrient dynamics and metabolism in Mediterranean streams affected by nutrient inputs from human activities. PhD thesis, University of Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  • Merseburger GC, Martí E, Sabater F (2006) Net changes in nutrient concentrations below a point source input in two streams draining catchments with contrasting land uses. Sci Total Environ 347:217–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Michopoulos P, Baloutsos G, Nakos G et al (2001) Effects of bulk precipitation pH and growth period on cation enrichment in precipitation beneath the canopy of a beech (Fagus moesiaca) forest stand. Sci Total Environ 281:79–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno G, Gallardo JF (2002a) Atmospheric deposition in oligotrophic Quercus pyrenaica forests: implications for forest nutrition. For Ecol Manag 171:17–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno G, Gallardo JF (2002b) H+ budget in oligotrophic Quercus pyrenaica forests. Atmospheric and management-induced soil acidification? Plant Soil 243:11–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno G, Gallardo JF, Bussotti F (2001) Canopy modification of atmospheric deposition in oligotrophic Quercus pyrenaica forests of an unpolluted region (CW Spain). For Ecol Manag 149:47–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moussa R, Chahinian N, Bocquillon C (2007) Distributed hydrological modelling of a Mediterranean mountainous catchment – model construction and multi-site validation. J Hydrol 337:35–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muzylo A, Llorens P, Valente F et al (2009) A review of rainfall interception modelling. J Hydrol 370:191–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navar J (1993) The causes of stemflow variation in three semiarid growing species of Northeastern Mexico. J Hydrol 145:175–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicault A, Alleaume S, Brewer S et al (2008) Mediterranean drought fluctuation during the last 500 years based on tree-ring data. Clim Dyn 31:227–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palahí M, Mavsar R, Gracia C et al (2008) Mediterranean forests under focus. Int Forest Rev 10:676–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira FL, Gash JHC, David JS et al (2009a) Modelling interception loss from evergreen oak Mediterranean savannas: application of a tree-based modelling approach. Agric Forest Meteorol 149:680–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira FL, Gash JHC, David JS et al (2009b) Evaporation of intercepted rainfall from isolated evergreen oak trees: do the crowns behave as wet bulbs? Agric Forest Meteorol 149:667–679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piñol J, Beven K, Freer J (1997) Modelling the hydrological response of Mediterranean catchments, Prades, Catalonia. The use of distributed models as aids to hypothesis formulation. Hydrol Process 11:1287–1306

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole DK, Miller PC (1981) The distribution of plant water stress and vegetation characteristics in Southern California Chaparral. Am Midl Nat 105:32–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poyatos R, Llorens P, Pinol J, Rubio C (2008) Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) to soil and atmospheric water deficits under Mediterranean mountain climate. Ann For Sci 65. doi: 10.1051/forest:2008003

  • Rambal S, Ourcival JM, Joffre R et al (2003) Drought controls over conductance and assimilation of a Mediterranean evergreen ecosystem: scaling from leaf to canopy. Glob Change Biol 9:1813–1824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichstein M, Tenhunen JD, Roupsard O et al (2002) Severe drought effects on ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes at three Mediterranean evergreen sites: revision of current hypotheses? Glob Change Biol 8:999–1017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodà F, Retana J, Gracia C et al (eds) (1999) Ecology of Mediterranean evergreen oak forests. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodà F, Àvila A, Rodrigo A (2002) Nitrogen deposition in Mediterranean forests. Environ Pollut 118:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romaní AM, Sabater S (2001) Structure and activity of rock and sand biofilms in a Mediterranean stream. Ecology 82:3232–3245

    Google Scholar 

  • Romaní AM, Butturini A, Sabater F et al (1998) Heterotrophic metabolism in a forest stream sediment: surface versus subsurface zones. Aquat Microb Ecol 16:143–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romaní AM, Vázquez E, Butturini A (2006) Microbial availability and size fractionation of dissolved organic carbon after drought in an intermittent stream: biogeochemical link across the stream-riparian interface. Microb Ecol 52:501–512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romaní AM, Artigas J, Camacho A et al (2009) La biota de los ríos: los microorganismos heterótrofos. In: Elósegui A, Sabater S (eds) Conceptos y técnicas en ecología fluvial. Fundación BBVA, Bilbao

    Google Scholar 

  • Rusjan S, Brilly M, Mikoš M (2008) Flushing of nitrate from a forested watershed: an insight into hydrological nitrate mobilization mechanisms through seasonal high-frequency stream nitrate dynamics. J Hydrol 354:187–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabater S (1989) Encrusting algal assemblages in a Mediterranean river basin. Arch Hydrobiol 114:555–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabater S (2000) Structure and architecture of a stromatolite from a Mediterranean stream. Aquat Microb Ecol 21:161–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabater S, Romaní AM (1996) Metabolic changes associated with biofilm formation in an undisturbed Mediterranean stream. Hydrobiologia 335:107–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabater F, Butturini A, Martí E et al (2000) Effects of riparian vegetation removal on nutrient retention in a Mediterranean stream. J N Am Benthol Soc 19:609–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabater S, Vilalta E, Gaudes A et al (2003) Ecological implications of mass growth of benthic cyanobacteria in rivers. Aquat Microb Ecol 32:175–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2007) Drought changes phosphorus and potassium accumulation patterns in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Funct Ecol 21:191–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Specht RL, Specht A (1989) Canopy structure in eucalyptus-dominated communities in Australia along climatic gradients. Acta Oecol 10:191–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Sraj M, Brilly M, Mikos M (2008) Rainfall interception by two deciduous Mediterranean forests of contrasting stature in Slovenia. Agric Forest Meteorol 148:121–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tague C, Seaby L, Hope A (2009) Modeling the eco-hydrologic response of a Mediterranean type ecosystem to the combined impacts of projected climate change and altered fire frequencies. Climatic Change 93:137–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valente F, David JS, Gash JHC (1997) Modelling interception loss for two sparse eucalypt and pine forests in central Portugal using reformulated Rutter and Gash analytical models. J Hydrol 190:141–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wan S, Hui D, Luo Y (2001) Fire effects on nitrogen pools and dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Ecol Appl 11:1349–1365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams MR, Melack JM (1997) Atmospheric deposition, mass balances, and processes regulating streamwater solute concentrations in mixed-conifer catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California. Biogeochemistry 37:111–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams M, Rastetter EB, Fernandes DN et al (1996) Modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a Quercus–Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties. Plant Cell Environ 19:911–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao QF, McPherson EG, Ustin SL et al (2000) Winter rainfall interception by two mature open-grown trees in Davis, California. Hydrol Process 14:763–784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu L, Baldocchi DD (2003) Seasonal trends in photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance of blue oak (Quercus douglasii) under prolonged summer drought and high temperature. Tree Physiol 23:865–877

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pilar Llorens .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Llorens, P., Latron, J., Álvarez-Cobelas, M., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Moreno, G. (2011). Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Mediterranean Forests. In: Levia, D., Carlyle-Moses, D., Tanaka, T. (eds) Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry. Ecological Studies, vol 216. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics