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Evidence-based Anticancer Materia Medica for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Materia Medica for Various Cancers

Part of the book series: Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine ((ACAM,volume 2))

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most difficult malignancies to treat successfully. Although diagnostic techniques and therapies have improved rapidly, the overall 5-year survival rate remains less than 10%. The standard treatment for HCC in patients without cirrhosis is partial hepatectomy. However, because of the rapid progression and difficulty in diagnosis of HCC, hepatic resection is appropriate for only less than 20% patients. Another challenge in the treatment of HCC is that patients with advanced disease have limited therapeutic options because of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this regard, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib represents a recent breakthrough in HCC treatment and is now considered the standard treatment for advanced HCC. In Asian populations, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as a preventive therapy for cancer for hundreds of years. TCM focuses on the balance between human body and the environment. A central tenet of TCM is that an illness can be cured by correcting the imbalance between these entities. Hence, the approach of TCM therapy is to eliminate disease by restoring the order of the body. From this perspective, TCM is best used for long-term prevention of diseases as well as against their and recurrence and progression. The development of TCM as a treatment for HCC has rapidly progressed in recent years. TCM can regulate HCC progression by inhibiting the occurrence of precancerous lesions. The mechanistic effects of TCM include epigenetic regulation and the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, the immune response, angiogenesis, metastasis, and multiple-drug resistance. Clinical studies have revealed that TCM can improve the survival rate, decrease the recurrence rate, and improve the clinical symptoms of HCC. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is often combined with TCM for increasing the therapeutic efficacy of advanced HCC. However, progress in developing effective TCM therapies is slow because of the complex nature of TCM compounds and the difficulties in standardizing treatments. In this chapter, the progress, mechanism of action, and clinical efficacy of TCM against HCC is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan

    Lei Wan

  2. Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Lei Wan

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  1. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Room 1305, 13/F, Block R, Gascoigne Road 30, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, People's Republic

    William C.S. Cho

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Wan, L. (2012). Evidence-based Anticancer Materia Medica for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Cho, W. (eds) Materia Medica for Various Cancers. Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1983-5_5

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