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The Role of Molecular Regulation and Targeting in Regulating Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases

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Calcium Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 740))

Abstract

Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases can be classified as one of two types – restricted or multifunctional. This family of kinases contains several structural similarities: all possess a calmodulin binding motif and an autoinhibitory region. In addition, all of the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates or inhibits their kinase activity. However, as the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases are ubiquitously expressed, yet regulate a broad range of cellular functions, additional levels of regulation that control these cell-specific functions must exist. These additional layers of control include gene expression, signaling pathways, and expression of binding proteins and molecular targeting. All of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter appear to be regulated by these additional layers of control, however, this does not appear to be the case for the restricted kinases.

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Abbreviations

α-KAP:

αCaMKII anchoring protein

aa:

Amino acid

ADP:

Adenosine-5′-diphosphate

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

APC:

Adenomatous polyposis coli-associated protein

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

Ca2+ :

Calcium ions

CaM:

Calmodulin

CaMK:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinases

CaMKI:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase I

CaMKII:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase II

CaMKIII:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase III

CaMKIV:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase IV

CaMKK:

Calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinase kinase

CK1:

Casein kinase 1

CLK2:

CDC-like kinase 2

eEF2K:

Elongation factor 2 kinase

G:

Glycine

GSK-3:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3

HSF1:

Heat shock factor 1

kDa:

Kilodalton

MAPKAP-K2/K3:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2/kinase 3

MDa:

Megadalton

Mg2+ :

Magnesium ions

MLCK:

Myosin light chain kinase

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

PhK:

Phosphorylase kinase

PKA:

cAMP-dependent protein kinase

PKB:

Protein kinase B; Akt

PP2A:

Protein phosphatase 2A

PSD:

Post-synaptic density

RLC:

Regulatory light chain

RSK:

Ribosomal S6 kinase

S:

Serine

S6K1:

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1

SAPK4:

Stress activated protein kinase 4

T:

Threonine

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    Kathryn A. Skelding & John A. P. Rostas

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Skelding, K.A., Rostas, J.A.P. (2012). The Role of Molecular Regulation and Targeting in Regulating Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 740. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_31

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