Abstract
In the rural areas building of sewerage systems and central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often brings too high costs, due to high distances from one farm to another and terrain configuration. Individual treatment systems for each farm are a good solution. The treatment wetlands for nine individual farms were constructed in Kaszubian Lake District in summer and autumn 2009. Three configurations of reed beds were chosen. In the paper design criteria and results from 2 years of operation are presented. The average BOD removal varied from 64% to 92% and N removal from 44% to 77%. Individual construction of the treatment facilities by farmers under the supervision of technical personnel makes the framers aware of the significance of each element of the treatment process and guarantees proper future operation of the system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cooper P (1998) A review of the design and performance of vertical flow and hybrid reed bed treatment systems. In: (Material) 6th international conference on wetland system for water pollution control, chapter IV-design of wetland systems, Brazil, pp 229–242
Vymazal J (1998) Czech Republic. In: Vymazal J, Brix H, Cooper PF, Green MB, Haberl R (eds) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Europe. Backhuys, Leiden, pp 95–121
Environment Ministry Regulation according limits for discharged sewage and environmental protection from 24 July 2006 (Dz.U. no 137 item 984)
Vymazal J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 25(5):478–490
Heistad A, Paruch AM, Vråle L, Adam K, Jenssen PD (2006) A high-performance compact filter system treating domestic wastewater. Ecol Eng 28(4):374–379
Steer D, Fraser L, Boddy J, Seifert B (2002) Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent. Ecol Eng 18:429–440
Jenssen PD, Maehlum T, Krogstad T, Vråle L (2005) High performance constructed wetlands for cold climates. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 40(6–7):1343–1353
Obarska-Pempkowiak H, Gajewska M, Wojciechowska E, Ostojski A (2009) Koncepcja rozwiązania problemu przydomowej gospodarki ściekowo-osadowej. Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna: 7–8 (2009) (in Polish)
Obarska-Pempkowiak H, Gajewska M (2005) Recent developments in wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands in Poland. In: Omelchenko A, Pivovarov AA, Swindall WJ (eds) Modern tools and methods of water treatment for improving living standards. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 279–295
Börner T, von Felde K, Gschlössl E, Gschlössl T, Kunst S, Wissing FW (1998) Germany. In: Vymazal J, Brix H, Cooper PF, Green MB, Haberl R (eds) Constructed wetlands for Âwastewater treatment in Europe. Backhauys, Leiden, pp 169–190
Langergarber G (2007) Simulation of the treatment performance of outdoor subsurface flow constructed wetlands in temperate climates. Sci Total Environ 380:210–219
Molle P, Lienard A, Boutin C, Merlin G, Iwema A (2004) How to treat raw sewage with Âconstructed wetlands: an overview of the French systems. In: (Proceedings) 9th international conference on wetland system for water pollution control, Avignon, France, pp 11–20
Acknowledgments
Funding support from the EEA Financial Mechanism and Norwegian Financial Mechanism (PL 0271). and the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (E033/P01/2008/02) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Obarska-Pempkowiak, H., Gajewska, M., Wojciechowska, E. (2012). Innovative Method for Utilization of Wastewater for Security and Safety in Rural Areas. In: Vitale, K. (eds) Environmental and Food Safety and Security for South-East Europe and Ukraine. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2953-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2953-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-2952-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-2953-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)