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Chloroplast Movement in Higher Plants, Ferns and Bryophytes: A Comparative Point of View

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Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 37))

Summary

It is well known that chloroplasts move in response to changes in blue light intensity. Under low light conditions chloroplasts spread out in a so-called accumulation response and maximize light interception. Under high light they move to the anticlinal sides of cells, in a so-called avoidance reaction, minimizing light interception. In recent years tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of chloroplast movement due to a combination of new approaches and model systems. Mutant screens in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed a considerable number of new players, which modify the speed and the degree of the blue light driven movement of chloroplasts. In addition, better microscopy technologies revealed a fascinating picture of highly dynamic changes in chloroplast associated actin filaments that are essential for chloroplast movement. Our understanding has been further enhanced by studies of the gametophytes of the moss Physcomitrella patens and the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris. Using a microbeam that illuminates part of a cell, these microscopy studies gave insights into differences and similarities in photoreception and the mechanics of chloroplast movement comparing angiosperms and cryptogams. In addition by studying the behavior of individual chloroplasts within cells, information was gained on the speed and duration with which light signal information travels. Despite advances on the molecular level, our understanding of the species-specific variability and ecological importance of chloroplast movement is still rudimentary. This review will give an overview of our current understanding of chloroplast movement and will point out similarities and differences in behavior among higher plants, ferns and bryophytes.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Wellesley College for granting me a sabbatical leave and Prof. Schleiff for providing me with a ‘home’ in his lab to think and write.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA

    Martina Königer

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  1. Martina Königer
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Correspondence to Martina Königer .

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  1. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    David T. Hanson

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA

    Steven K. Rice

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Königer, M. (2014). Chloroplast Movement in Higher Plants, Ferns and Bryophytes: A Comparative Point of View. In: Hanson, D., Rice, S. (eds) Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 37. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_8

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