Abstract
Khazan ecosystems are reclaimed wetlands, salt marshes and mangrove areas, where tidal influence is regulated by the construction of embankments and sluice gates. They are predominantly rice and fish fields. Khazan engineering system has a very simple architectural design made from locally available low-cost resources, which is self-operating using tidal, hydro and solar energy, and the one which integrates highly complex, eco-friendly agriculture, aquaculture, and salt panning systems that function for the last more than 3,500 years with very low running cost. This chapter illustrates khazan architecture and presents different types of khazan farms and the processes involved therein, cultural aspects and traditions associated with khazans, traditional ecological knowledge in khazans and ecological services provided by khazans.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Information on crab is through personal communication with Mr Santosh Gaokar, a science teacher in a Goan College.
References
Ahmed N, Johri S, Sultan P, Abdin MZ, Qazi GN (2011) Phylogenetic characterization of archaea in saltpan sediments. Indian J Microbiol 51:132–137
Ballav S, Kamat T, Pereira F, Kerkar S (2012) Salt pan microbes: potential factories of diverse metabolites. Paper presented at 52nd annual conference of AMI titled ‘International conference on microbial biotechnology for sustainable development’, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 3–11 Nov 2011
Bhosle SJ, Krishnan S (2011) Traditionally cultivated salt tolerant rice varieties grown in khazan lands of Goa, India and their grain quality characteristics. J Phytol 3(2):11–17
De Bragança Pereira AB (2008) Ethnography of Goa, Daman and Diu. A translated version of an original Portuguese book by Aurora Couto M. Penguin Books, New Delhi, p 567
Dhandar DG, Subramanian S (1998) Management of khazan lands in Goa. Paper presented at the seminar on management of the coastal zone in Goa organized by The International Centre, Goa, 28 March 1998
Doiphode PV (1984) Local and Scientific names of fishes of Goa. Seaf Export J 16:35–38
Fernandes B, Achutankutty CT (2010) Seasonal variation in fishery diversity of some wetlands of the Salcete taluka, Goa, India. Indian J Mar Sci 39(2):238–247
Kamat N (2004) History of Khazan land management in Goa: ecological, economic and political perspective. A paper presented at a seminar on history of agriculture in Goa, Goa University
Kamat N (2007) Protecting the Panchdweepas, vol XLI(3). Goa today, Panaji, pp 34–46
Kamat T, Kerkar S (2011) Pharmaceutical potentials of bacteria from saltpans of Goa, India. Int J Pharm Appl 2(11):150–154
Kerkar S, Raiker L, Tiwari A, Mayilraj S, Dastager S (2012) Biofilm-associated indole acetic acid producing bacteria and their impact in the proliferation of biofilm mats in solar salterns. Biol 67(3):454–460. doi:10.2478/s11756-012-0032-y
Khedekar V (2013) Eco-culture, Goa paradigm. Broadway Publishing House, Panaji, p 235
Lainer H (2004) Birds of Goa. Goa Foundation, Mapusa, p 244
Mani K, Salgaonkar BB, Das D, Bragança JM (2012a) Community solar salt production in Goa, India. Aquat Biosyst 8:30
Mani K, Salgaonkar BB, Braganca JM (2012b) Culturable halophilic archaea at the initial and final stages of salt production in a natural solar saltern of Goa, India. Aquat Biosyst 8:15
Mosse D (2003) The rule of water: statecraft, ecology and collective action in South India. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, p 337
Nayak SS, Gonsalves V, Nazareth SW (2012) Isolation and salt tolerance of halophilic fungi from mangroves and solar salterns in Goa-India. Indian J Geomar Sci 41:164–172
Pereira F, Kerkar S, Krishnan KP (2012) Bacterial response to dynamic metal concentrations in the surface sediments of a solar saltern (Goa, India). Environ Monit Assess. doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2814-7
Rubinoff JA (1998) Utilisation of Khazan lands and aquaculture in Goa. Paper presented at the seminar on management of the coastal zone in Goa, The International Centre, Dona Paula, 28 March 1998
Rubinoff JA (2001) Pink gold: transformation of backwater aquaculture on Goa’s Khazan lands. Econ Polit Wkly 36:1108–1114
Sonak S, Kazi S, Abraham M (2005) Khazans in troubled waters. TERI Press, New Delhi, p 54
Turner NJ, Ignace MB, Ignace R (2000) Traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom of aboriginal peoples in British Columbia. Ecol Appl 10(5):1275–1287
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sonak, S.M. (2014). Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Sustainability in Khazans . In: Khazan Ecosystems of Goa. Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7202-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7202-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7201-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-7202-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)