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Identification and Importance of Polyphenolic Compounds in Crop Residues

  • Chapter
Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Plant Residues for Industrial and Feed Use

Summary

This review describes why polyphenols are important in animal nutrition. It also discusses the latest ideas on the reasons for their synthesis in plants. These ideas question their suggested role as chemical agents produced by plants to defend themselves against herbivores’, and attribute their synthesis to stress conditions (e.g. nutrient imbalances during growth, high temperatures and light intensity, herbivore attack). Reference is made to the implications for breeding programmes which aim to improve the nutritive value of crop residues.

Some detailed physico-chemical studies of the interactions between polyphenols, carbohydrates and proteins are described. The following structural features enhance these molecular interactions: increasing molecular size, conformational flexibility, and low water solubility. Some carbohydrates are thought to form inclusion complexes with phenols and this capacity enhances the molecular interaction. Other factors important in the binding are the relative concentrations of polyphenols, carbohydrates and proteins, pH value, presence of metal ions and surfactants.

Since polyphenols are fairly reactive compounds it is crucial that precautions are taken during their analysis. Therefore, appropriate extraction, separation and analytical procedures are summarised and references are made to plant species in which polyphenols have so far been found. The list of new compounds and even new types of polyphenols is constantly being expanded.

This review finally describes some chemical treatments which have been applied to polyphenol-rich feeds and concludes by offering suggestions for further investigation.

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  1. AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Animal and Grassland Research Station, Hurley, Maidenhead, SL6 5LR, Berkshire, UK

    I. Mueller-Harvey

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© 1989 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussles and Luxembourg

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Mueller-Harvey, I. (1989). Identification and Importance of Polyphenolic Compounds in Crop Residues. In: Chesson, A., Ørskov, E.R. (eds) Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Plant Residues for Industrial and Feed Use. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1131-4_9

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