Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emergence and Evolution of the Molecular Concept

  • Chapter
Molecules in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology

Part of the book series: Topics in Molecular Organization and Engineering ((MOOE,volume 1))

  • 141 Accesses

Abstract

To recount the history of the concept of molecule is, when you think about it, neither linear nor simple. For, however firmly it may be combined with the atomic theory, this concept has neither the same history nor the same determinations. It is actually:

  • not a question of concerted progress: the molecule is not resolved by the atom and even less does the atom build the molecule;

  • neither is it a question of polemical progress: the final, indivisible atomic concept was to be recognized only very late as essentially different from that superior unitary construction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. M. Ampère: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 90, 43–86 (1814).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ad. Ch. Wurtz: Dictionnaire de Chimie Pure et Appliquée ,Hachette, Paris, 1869-76. 1er supplément (1886).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ad. Ch. Wurtz: La Th é orie Atomique ,Germer Baillière, Paris (1879).

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Perrin: Les Atomes ,p. 151. Alean, Paris (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Descartes: Les Principes de la Philosophie ,Amsterdam (1644). 2e partie, Des Principes des choses matérielles, n°4.

    Google Scholar 

  6. I. Newton: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and System of the World ,Book III, p. 414. Greenwood, reprint (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  7. I. Newton: Opticks ,p. 375. 3rd Ed. (1721).

    Google Scholar 

  8. H. Metzger: Newton ,Stahl ,Boerhaave et la Doctrine Chimique ,p. 28. A. Blanchard, Paris (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. W. Leibnitz: Apostille à la lettre à la Prineesse de Galles du 12 mai 1716.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Romé de L’Isle: Essai de Cristallographie (1722). Cited by H. Metzger: La Gen è se de la Science des Cristaux ,p. 66. Blanchard, Paris (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. J. Haüy: Traité de Cristallographie I, pp. 50–53. Bachelier et Huzard, Paris (1822).

    Google Scholar 

  12. G. Delafosse: Mémoires des Savants Etrangers 8, 641–690 (1843).

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. Lavoisier: Traité élémentaire de Chimie ,Cuchet, Paris (1789). Discours préliminaire, XVij.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ad. Ch. Wurtz: Leçons élémentaires de Chimie Moderne ,pp. 16–17. Masson, Paris (1884).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ad. Ch. Wurtz: La théorie atomique, op. cit. ,p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ch. Gerhardt: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 8, 245 (1843).

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Dumas and A. Stas: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 1,5–59(1841).

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. J. Berzelius: Traité de Chimie Min é rale ,Végétale et Animale ,Vol. V, pp. 113-116. 2nd Fr. Ed., Firmin Didot, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Liebig: Traité de Chimie Organique ,Vol. II, p. 38. Trad. Fr. Ch. Gerhardt, De Fortin, Paris (1840-44).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cf. for example Compte-rendus de l’Académie des Sciences V, 863; VI, 629, 747, 823 (1838); VII, 352 (1839) etc.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Laurent: Methode de Chimie ,pp. 74–75. Mallet-Bachelier, Paris (1854).

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. B. Dumas: Leçons sur la philosophie chimique ,p. 309. Bechet Jeune, Paris (1837).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ch. Gerhardt: Ann. Chim. Phys. 7, 129–143 (1843); 8, 238-245 (1843).

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Laurent: Ann. Chim. Phys. 18, 266–98 (1846).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ibid., 288.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ch. Gerhardt: Introduction à l’étude de la chimie par le syst è me unitaire ,p. 7. Chamerot, Paris (1848). Cf. also p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. Laurent: Ibid. ,296. Underlined by the author.

    Google Scholar 

  28. J. J. Berzelius: Essai sur la théorie des proportions chimiques et sur l’influence chimique de Vélectricité ,pp. 22–23. Johnson reprint (1972). 1st Ed. 1819.

    Google Scholar 

  29. J. Liebig: Traité de Chimie organique op. cit. 1, 239.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. J. Berzelius: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 51, 308–314 (1832).

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. J. Berzelius: Traité de Chimie, op. cit. 5, 285.

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Comte: Cours de philosophie positive ,Hermann, Paris (1975). 38e leçon, Sept. 1835.

    Google Scholar 

  33. J. B. Dumas: Leçons sur la philosophie chimique, op. cit. ,419.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cf. lettre de A. Laurent à Ch. Gerhardt, 4 juillet 1844, in H. Tiffeneau, Correspondance de Ch. Gerhardt ,Masson, Paris (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ch. Gerhardt: Traité de Chimie organique ,Vol. 4, p. 568. Firmin Didot, Paris (1853).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cf. lettre de A. Laurent, in Corr., op. cit. ,10.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cf. for example J. Dumas: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 56, 125–150 (1834).

    Google Scholar 

  38. For example A. Laurent: Compte-rendus 10,409 (1840).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Dumas: Compte-rendus 6, 695 (1838).

    Google Scholar 

  40. For example A. Laurent: Revue Scientifique et Industrielle du Dr Quesneville 11, 361–374 (1842).

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Laurent: Recherches diverses de Chimie Organique , in Thèses de Chimie et de Physique présentées à la Fac. des Se. de Paris, le 20 déc. 1837, p. 85.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. J. Berzelius: Rapport annuel sur les Progrès de la Chimie ,155 (1841).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. J. Berzelius: Rapp. ann., op. cit. ,226–234 (1847).

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. Jacques: Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France ,D31–39 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. P. Daudey, J. P. Malrieu, D. Maynau: Le Courrier du CNRS 64, 51 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cf. Delafosse: Mém. Savants étrangers ,546–547 (1848).

    Google Scholar 

  47. A. Laurent: in J. Jacques, op. cit. ,D34-35.

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Laurent: Méth. de Chim., op. cit. ,400.

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. B. Dumas: Leçons . . ., op. cit. ,p. 4. Ière leçon, Apr. 1836.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Cf. Wurtz: La Théorie atomique, op. cit. ,26-27.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Cf. Wurtz: Dict, chim., op. cit. ,’Atomicité’ I, 451 (1869).

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Dumas: Leçons . . ., op. cit. ,7ème leçon, 265.

    Google Scholar 

  53. L. Meyer: Les théories modernes de la chimie et leur application à la mécanique chimique ,pp. 209–210. Trans. Bloch, G. Carré, Paris (1887).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gay-Lussac: Mémoires de la société d’Arcueil 2 (1813).

    Google Scholar 

  55. A. Avogadro: Journal de Physique 33, 58 (1813).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ampère: Cf.[1].

    Google Scholar 

  57. Cf. Clara de Milt: Chymia 4, 107 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. Avogadro: Ann. Chim. et Phys. 14, 350 (1845).

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. Laurent: Méth. de Chim., op. cit. ,321-332.

    Google Scholar 

  60. A. Laurent: lettre à Ch. Gerhardt, Corr., op. cit. ,81.

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. Laurent: Méth. de Chim., op. cit. ,392.

    Google Scholar 

  62. R. Lespieau: La molécule chimique ,p. 4. Alcan, Paris (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Cf. Chevreul: Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d’origine animale ,pp. 2–4. F. G. Levrault, Paris (1823).

    Google Scholar 

  64. J. J. Berzelius: Ann. Phys. Chim. 51, 314 (1832).

    Google Scholar 

  65. A. Laurent: Thèse, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  66. A. Laurent: Ann. Chim. Phys. 63, 207–219 (1836).

    Google Scholar 

  67. A. Laurent: Thèse, op. cit. ,34-35.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Cf. A. Butlerov: lettre à Ad. Wurtz, Feb. 1882, in G. V. Bykov and J. Jacques, Revue d’Histoire des Sciences ,130–134 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  69. A. Butlerov: Bulletin Société Chimique ,note 2, 102 (1864).

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. B. Dumas: Leçons . . ., op. cit. ,345.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Cf. J. Jacques: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,528–530 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  72. A. S. Couper: Ann. Chim. Phys. 53, 469–489 (1848).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Cf. W. Goethe: Les affinités électives.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Cf. for example Millon: Compte-rendus 19, 799–806 (1844).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Cf. A. Lavoisier: Traité élémentaire de chimie ,Discours préliminaire.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Cf. H. Metzger: Les doctrines chimiques en France du début du He à la fin du 18e siècle ,Blanchard, Paris (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Cf. E. Mitscherlich: Ann. Chim. Phys. 4, 67 (1842); 7, 5 (1843).

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. Kekulé: Ann. der Chem. u, Pharm. ,129 (1858). Bull. Soc. Chim. ,20 (1859).

    Google Scholar 

  79. A. Butlerov: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,100–128, (1864).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ad. Wurtz: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,365 (1860).

    Google Scholar 

  81. A. Butlerov: op. cit. ,102.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Ad. Wurtz: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,51–70 (1863).

    Google Scholar 

  83. A. Butlerov: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,25–36 (1866).

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Popoff: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,36–42 (1866).

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Kekulé: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,37–40 (1863).

    Google Scholar 

  86. A. Kekulé: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,40–46 (1866).

    Google Scholar 

  87. C. Friedel and A. Ladenbourg: Bull. Soc. Chim., 61 (1867).

    Google Scholar 

  88. J. Le Bel: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,337 (1874).

    Google Scholar 

  89. J. M. Van’t Hoff: Bull. Soc. Chim. ,295 (1875). Stéréochimie ,Paris (1892).

    Google Scholar 

  90. L. Pasteur: Leçons sur la dissymétrie moléculaire ,Paris (1861).

    Google Scholar 

  91. R. Daudel: Les fondements de la Chimie théorique ,p. 31. Gauthier-Villars, Paris (1956).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d’Analyse des Formes et des Systèmes, Université Jean-Moulin Lyon-III, 74, rue Pasteur, 69007, Lyon, France

    Marika Blondel-Mégrelis

Authors
  1. Marika Blondel-Mégrelis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de Mécanique Ondulatoire Appliquée, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS and University of Paris, Paris, France

    Jean Maruani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blondel-Mégrelis, M. (1988). Emergence and Evolution of the Molecular Concept. In: Maruani, J. (eds) Molecules in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Topics in Molecular Organization and Engineering, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2849-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2849-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7781-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2849-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation