Summary
Discharge of hazardous substances contained in industrial wastewater (emission) into a receiving water body will cause an immission, the size of which may be estimated as concentrations of substance in time and space in the receiving waters. Risk estimation of industrial effluents seeks by extrapolation to predict the nature and extent of the immision under given circumstances. The experimental basis for the extrapolation is hazard assessment results and in situ experiments and studies of the receiving waters. The ultimate goal is an evaluation of the environmental consequences of the situation. Possibly, the modelling of environmental fate, impact and effects could be evaluated by (i) identifying primary, affected areas of the receiving waters where biological effects can be directly recognized owing to the discharge, e.g. by biological survey, (ii) identifying secondary, affected areas where life conditions are expected to have deteriorated owing to the discharge, e.g. by extrapolations of laboratory experiments, and (iii) identifying areas of the receiving waters exposed to substances of the effluent, e.g. by chemical analyses in biota and sediment, and/or fate modelling of effluent substances. Unfortunately, it may in many instances turn out, that our scientific knowledge on functioning and vulnarability of natural ecosystems is too poor to predict long-term environmental consequences of many industrial effluents. Consequently, politicians often have to take their decisions based on an inclomplete, scientific knowledge.
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© 1986 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg
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Folke, J. (1986). Risk Estimation as a Method for Modelling the Fate and Impact of Industrial Effluents in Marine Environments. In: Bjørseth, A., Angeletti, G. (eds) Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4660-6_42
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4660-6_42
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