Skip to main content

An introduction to the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow

  • Chapter
Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow

Abstract

Remote sensing, defined as the measurement of properties of an object or feature on the Earth’s surface by an instrument that is not in direct physical contact with the object or feature, enables scientists to obtain information about ice and snow in visible, near-infrared, thermal infrared, microwave, and other wavelengths (Fig. 1.1). Surface, near-surface and deep, subsurface regions of ice and snow features can be analyzed using remote sensing techniques. In this chapter, the optical, thermal and microwave properties are briefly reviewed as they pertain to the remote sensing of ice and snow. More detailed descriptions of optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow can be found in Hobbs (1974), Glen and Paren (1975) and ASP (1983).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allison, L. J., Wexler, R., Laughlin, C. R. and Bandeen, W. R. (1978) Remote sensing of the atmosphere from environmental satellites. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, Special Publication 653, pp. 58–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASP (American Society of Photogrammetry) (1983) Manual of Remote Sensing, 2nd edn (ed. R.N. Colwell), ASP, Falls Church, VA, Vols 1 and 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T.C., Gloersen, P., Schmugge, T.,etal. (1976) Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice. J. Glaciol., 16, 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, B.J. and Chang, A.T.C. (1979) Two-stream theory of reflectance of snow. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., GE-17, 63–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, B.J. and Chang, A.T.C. (1981) The albedo of snow for partially cloudy skies. Boundary-LayerMeteorol., 20, 371–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, J.L., Hall, D.K., Chang, A.T.C. and Rango, A. (1984) An overview of passive microwave snow research and results. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 22, 195–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glen, J.W. and Paren, J.G. (1975) The electrical properties of snow and ice. J. Glaciol., 15, 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloersen, P. and Barath, F.T. (1977) A scanning multichannel microwave radiometer for Nimbus-G and Seasat-A. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., OE-2, 172–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, P.V. (1974) Ice Physics, Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R.W. (1979) Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • NASA (1982) Plan of Research for Snowpack Properties Remote Sensing - (PRS) 2. Recommendations of the Snowpack Properties Research Group, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, H.W. and Munis, R.H. (1975) Red and near-infrared spectral reflectance of snow. In Operational Applications of Satellite Snowcover Observations (ed. A. Rango), Proceedings of a workshop held in South Lake Tahoe, California, 18–20 August 1975, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, NASA SP-391, pp.345–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qunzhu, Z., Meisheng, C., Xuezhi, F. et al. (1984) Study on spectral reflection characteristics of snow, ice and water of northwest China. Sci. Sin. (Series B), 27, 647–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shafer, B. A. (1971) Infrared Temperature Sensing of Snow Covered Terrain, MSc Thesis in Earth Science ( Meteorology ), Montana State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Short, N.M. and Stuart, L.M., Jr (1982) The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) Anthology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC., NASA SP-465.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Chapman and Hall Ltd and J. Martinec

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hall, D.K., Martinec, J. (1985). An introduction to the optical, thermal and electrical properties of ice and snow. In: Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4842-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4842-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8647-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4842-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics