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Removal of Cryptosporidium Using Bank Filtration

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Riverbank Filtration: Understanding Contaminant Biogeochemistry and Pathogen Removal

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAIV,volume 14))

Abstract

Bank filtration is a water treatment process [1,2] that makes use of surface water that has naturally infiltrated into groundwater via the riverbed or bank(s) and is recovered via a pumping well. Infiltration is typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water supply or other well(s). Bank filtrate is water emanating from a pumping well that originated nearby as surface water and traveled through the subsurface, mixing to some degree with other groundwater. Through bank filtration, microbial pathogens, fecal indicator organisms, and other surrogates are removed by contact with the aquifer materials. The removal process performs most efficiently when groundwater velocity is slow and the aquifer is comprised of granular materials with open pore-space for water flow around the grains. In these granular porous aquifers, the flow path is very tortuous, thereby providing ample opportunity for the organism to come into contact with and attach to a grain surface. Although detachment can occur, it typically occurs at a very slow rate. Organisms typically remain attached to a grain for long periods. When groundwater velocity is exceptionally slow or when little or no detachment occurs, the organism will become inactivated before it can enter a well. Thus, removal of microorganisms by bank filtration relies on attachment to the soil/aquifer particles and inactivation.

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    Philip Berger

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    Chittaranjan Ray

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Berger, P. (2002). Removal of Cryptosporidium Using Bank Filtration. In: Ray, C. (eds) Riverbank Filtration: Understanding Contaminant Biogeochemistry and Pathogen Removal. NATO Science Series, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0479-4_5

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