Abstract
A common feature of oil shale decomposition models is the bitumen intermediate, which is defined to be a soluble, nonvolatile primary product of kerogen decomposition. Despite the large number of studies that have been conducted on oil shale thermal decomposition, there is a scarcity of data on the bitumen intermediate. The problem with the bitumen intermediate is that, while it is often used in oil shale decomposition, it is seldom measured experimentally. The lack of experimental data can lead to deficiencies in understanding the mechanism and kinetics of oil generation. In this chapter some comments on the role of the bitumen intermediate during oil shale decomposition are examined, with emphasis on its temperature dependence under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Data are presented to illustrate that significantly greater conversions of kerogen to soluble products can be accomplished by paying attention to the kinetic behavior of the bitumen intermediate, particularly for oil shales that have a large aliphatic carbon component.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burnham A.K., Relationship between hydrous and ordinary pyrolysis, this monograph.
Allred, V.D. Chem. Eng. Prog. 1966, 62, 55–60.
Braun, R.L., and A.J. Rothman. Fuel 1975, 54, 129–131.
Johnson, W.F., D.V. Welston, H.H. Keller, and E.J. Couch. Quart. Colo. Sch. Mines 1975, 70, 237–272.
Drescher, E.A., C.A. Bassil, and E.J. Rolinski. In Alternative Energy Sources v. Part D: Biomass/Hydrocarbons/Hydrogen; Veziroglu, T.N., Ed; Elsevier Sci. Pub. B.V.: Amsterdam, 1983, pp. 307–324.
Rajeshwar, K. Thermochimica Acta 1981, 45, 254–263.
Wallman, P.H., P.W. Tamm, and B.G. Spars. ACS Symposium Series 163, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1981, 93–113.
Wen, C.S.., and T.P. Kobylinski, Fuel 1983, 62 1269–1273.
Shen, M.S., L.S. Fan, and K.H. Castleton. ACS Div. Petrol. Chem. Preprints 1984, 29(1), 127–134.
Miknis, F.P., D.A. Netzel, J.W. Smith, M.A. Mast, and G.E. Maciel. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 1982, 46, 977–984.
Hubbard, A.B., and W.E. Robinson. USBM Kept. Investig. 4744, 1950.
Miknis, F.P., P.J. Conn, T.F. Turner, and G.L. Berdan. Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY. August 1985, [Rep] DOE/FE/60177–2213.
Miknis, F.P., T.F. Turner, and L.W. Ennen, 1987 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings, Lexington, KY, p. 323–328.
Miknis, F.P., T.F. Turner, G.L. Berdan, and P.J. Conn., Energy and Fuels, 1987, 1, 477.
Conn, P.J., H.J. Rollison, and F.P. Miknis. Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY, Oct. 1984 [Rep] DOE/FE/60177–1791.
Miknis, F.P., P.J. Conn, and T.F. Turner. Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY, May 1985, [Rep] DOE/FE/60177–2288.
Feldkirchner, H.L., and J.C. Janka. Proc. IGT Symp. on Synthetic Fuels from Oil Shale, Atlanta, GA, Institute of Gas Technology Dec. 1979, 489–524.
Kahn, D.R., A.Y. Falk, and M.P. Varey. Proc. 1983 Eastern Oil Shale Symp., Lexington, KY, Nov. 1983, 225–233.
Cronauer, D.C., J. Solash, D.A. Danner, and L.G. Galya. Proc. 1983 Eastern Oil Shale Symp., Lexington, KY, Nov. 1983, 17–23.
Carter, S., D. Taulbee, and D. Collins. Proc. 1983 Eastern Oil Shale Symp., Lexington, KY, Nov. 1983, 113–122.
Richardson, J.H., E.B. Huss, J.R. Taylor, M.O. Bishop, and L.L. Ott. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, December 1981, [Rep] UCRL-86587.
Li, S., J. Qian, K. Qiu, and Y. Zhu, Ranliao Huaxue Xuebaoo, 15(2), 118–123 (1987).
Mityurev A.K., in Chemistry and Technology of Combustible Shale and Their Research Products, G. Geller, ed. , Israel Programs for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 205–221 (1962).
Suuberg E., J. Sherman, and W.D. Lilly, Fuel, 66, 1176–1184 (1987).
Suuberg E., P.E. Unger, and J.W. Larsen, Energy and Fuels, 1, 305 (1987).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Miknis, F.P., Turner, T.F. (1995). The Bitumen Intermediate in Isothermal and Nonisothermal Decomposition of Oil Shales. In: Snape, C. (eds) Composition, Geochemistry and Conversion of Oil Shales. NATO ASI Series, vol 455. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0317-6_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0317-6_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4140-9
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0317-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive