Abstract
A review is given of a recent theoretical approach to the issue of the title. Novel aspects of the theory include incorporation of nonequilibrium solvation, attention to time scales of the solvent electronic polarization and construction of reaction paths and free energetics. The theory is illustrated with examples of an SN2 nucleophilic displacement, SNI ionization, and an ion-radical recombination reaction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R.F. Grote and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 73 (1980) 2715.
J.T. Hynes, in M. Baer (Editor), The Theory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Vol. 4, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1985, Ch.4, p.171.
(a) J.P. Bergsma, J.R. Reimers, K.R. Wilson and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 85 (1986) 5625; (b) J.P. Bergsma, B. Gertner, K.R. Wilson and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 86 (1987) 1356; B.J. Gertner, J.P. Bergsma, K.R. Wilson, S. Lee and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 86 (1987) 1377; B.J. Gertner, K.R. Wilson and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 90 (1989) 3537; (c) G. Ciccotti, M. Ferrario, J.T. Hynes and R. Kapral, J. Chem. Phys., 93 (1990) 7137; (d) D.A. Zichi, G. Ciccotti, J.T. Hynes and M. Ferrario, J. Phys. Chem., 89 (1989) 2093; (e) S.B. Zhu, J. Lee and G.W. Robinson, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 2401; B.J. Berne, M. Borkovec and J.E. Sträub, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 3711; B. Roux and M. Karplus, J. Phys. Chem., 95 (1991) 4856; R. Rey and E. Guardia, J. Phys. Chem., 96 (1992) 4712.
B. Bagchi and D.W. Oxtoby, J. Chem. Phys., 78 (1983) 2735; J. Ashcroft, M. Besnard, V. Aquada and J. Jonas, Chem. Phys. Lett., 110 (1984) 430; D.M. Zeglinski and D.H. Waldeck, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 692; N. Sivakumar, E.A. Hoburg and D.H.Waldeck, J. Chem. Phys., 90 (1989) 2305; N.S. Park and D.H. Waldeck, J. Phys. Chem., in press; G.E. McManis and M.J. Weaver, J. Chem. Phys., 90 (1989) 1720.
D.G. Truhlar, W.L. Hase and J.T. Hynes, J. Phys. Chem., 87 (1983) 2664; J.T. Hynes, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 36 (1985) 573; B.J. Berne, M. Borkovec and J.E. Straub, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1998) 3711; P. Hänggi, T. Talkner and M. Borkovec, Rev. Mod. Phys., 62 (1990) 251; R.M. Whitnell and K.R. Wilson, Rev. Comp. Chem., Vol. 4, in press.
See, e.g., the reviews by M.D. Newton and N. Sutin, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 35 (1984) 437, R.A. Marcus and N. Sutin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 811 (1985) 265; and R.D. Cannon and J.F. Endicott, in M.V. Twigg (Editor)Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Reactions, Vol. 6, Plenum, New York, 1989, Ch.1, p.3.
(a) H. Beens and A. Weiler, Chem. Phys. Lett., 3 (1969) 666; H. Beens and A. Weiler in J.B. Birk (Editor), Organic Molecular Photophysics, Vol. 2, Wiley, London, 1975,Ch.4, p.159; (b) M.D. Newton, J. Chem. Phys., 58 (1973) 5833; M.D. Newton, J. Phys. Chem., 79 (1975) 2795; (c) S. Yomosa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 35 (1973) 1738; S. Yomosa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 36 (1974) 1655; S. Yomosa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 44 (1978) 602; (d) O. Tapia and O. Goscinski, Mol. Phys., 29 (1975) 1653; O. Tapia in R. Daudel, A. Pullman, L. Salem and A. Veillard (Editors), Quantum Theory of Chemical Reactions, Vol. 2, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1980, p.25; O. Tapia, J. Mol. Struc., 226 (1991) 59; (e) J.-L. Rivail and D. Rinaldi, Chem. Phys., 18 (1976) 233; J.-L. Rivail in M. Moreau and P. Turq (Editors), Chemical Reactivity in Liquids, Plenum, New York, 1988; (f) C. Ghio, E. Scrocco and J. Tomasi, in B. Pullman (Editor), Environmental Effects on Molecular Structure and Properties, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1976, p.329; S. MiertuY, E. Scrocco and J. Tomasi, Chem. Phys., 55 (1981) 117; S. MiertuY, E. Scrocco and J. Tomasi, Chem. Phys., 65 (1982) 239; (g) G. Karlström, J. Phys. Chem., 92 (1988) 1315; (h) K.V. Mikkelsen, E. Dalgaard and P. Swanstrøm, J. Phys. Chem. 91 (1987) 3081; K.V. Mikkelsen and M.A. Ratner, Int. J. Quantum Chem. Quantum Chem. Symposium, 22 (1988) 707; (i) M. Karelson, T. Tamm, A.R. Katritzky, M. Szafran and M.C. Zerner, Int. J. Quantum Chem., 37 (1990) 1; (j) M.W. Wong, K.B. Wiberg and M. Frisch, J. Chem. Phys., 95 (1991) 8991; M.W. Wong, M. Frisch and K.B. Wiberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113 (1991) 4776.
(a) J. Hylton, R.E. Christoffersen and G.G. Hall, Chem. Phys. Lett., 26 (1974) 501; J. Hylton McCreery, R.E. Christoffersen and G.G. Hall, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98 (1976) 7191; (b) B.T. Thole and P.T. van Duijnen, Theoret Chim. Acta, 55 (1980) 307; B.T. Thole and P.T. van Duijnen, Chem. Phys., 71 (1981) 211; (c) For an extension, see J.G. Àngyán and G. Jansen, Chem. Phys. Lett., 175 (1990) 313.
H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 96 (1992) 5088.
See, e.g., H. Fröhlich, Theory of Dielectrics, 2nd ed., Oxford, Cambridge, 1958.
R.J. Glauber, Phys. Rev. 131 (1963) 2766; T.W. Kibble, in S.M. Kay and A. Maitland (Editors), Quantum Optics, Academic, London, 1970, p.11.
(a) H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Phys. Chem., 94 (1990) 2736; (b) H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 93 (1990) 5194; (c) H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 93 (1990) 5211; (d) R. Bianco and J.T: Hynes, to be submitted
J. Gehlen, D. Chandler, H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 1748.
R.A. Marcus, J. Phys. Chem., 96 (1992) 1753. For a recent discussion from a more quantum chemical perspective, see R.H. Young, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 5261 (1992).
R.A. Marcus, Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc., 10 (1975) 60.
J.R. Mathis, R. Bianco and J.T. Hynes, J. Mol. Liq. (1993), in press.
E.D. Hughes and C.K. Ingold, Trans. Faraday Soc., 37 (1941) 657; C.K. Ingold, Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, 2nd ed., 1969.
W.N. Olmstead and J.I. Brauman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 4219 (1977); S.E. Barlow, J.M. Van Doren and V.M. Bierbaum, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 7240 (1988); C.H. DePuy, S. Gronert, A. Mullin and V.M. Bierbaum, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8650 (1990); B.D. Wladkowski and J.I. Brauman, J. Phys. Chem. (1993), in press.
S.C. Tucker and D.G. Truhlar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 8138 (1989); S.C. Tucker and D.G. Truhlar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3338 (1990); S.C. Tucker and D.G. Truhlar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 3347 (1990).
(a) For a general survey of this approach, see, e.g. S.S. Shaik, H.B. Schlegel and S. Wolfe, Theoretical Aspects of Physical Organic Chemistry: The SN2 Mechanism, (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1992) and references therein; (b) D.J. McLennan, Aust. J. Chem. 31, 1897 (1978); W.J. Albery and M.M. Kreevoy, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 16, 87 (1978); W.J. Albery, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 31, 227 (1980).
See, e.g. C.A. Coulson, Valence, 2nd Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1961).
See, e.g., M.V. Basilevsky, G.E. Chudinov and D.V. Napolov, J. Phys. Chem. 97 3270 (1993).
R.A. Ogg, Jr. and M. Polanyi, Trans Faraday Soc., 31 (1935) 604; E.C. Baughan, M.G. Evans and M. Polanyi, Trans Faraday Soc., 37 (1941) 377; A.G. Evans, Trans Faraday Soc., 42 (1946) 719.
(a) H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 10508 (1992); H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, ibid., 10529 (1992); J.R. Mathis, HJ. Kim and J.T. Hynes, ibid., in press.
G. van der Zwan and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 76 (1982) 2993; G. van der Zwan and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys.,78 (1983) 4174; G. van der Zwan and J.T. Hynes, Chem. Phys., 90 (1984) 21.
S. Glasstone, K.J. Laidler and H. Eyring, The Theory of Rate Processes, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941. For a modern exposition, see, e.g., J.I. Steinfeld, J.S. Francisco and W.L. Hase, Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989.
S. Lee and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 88 (1988) 6853, 6863.
K. Fukui, J. Phys. Chem., 74 (1970) 4161; K. Fukui, Acc. Chem. Res., 14 (1981) 363.
W.H. Miller, N.C. Handy and J.E. Adams, J. Chem. Phys., 72 (1980) 99; W.H. Miller, J. Phys. Chem., 87 (1983) 3811. For a recent exposition, see, e.g., V. Melissas, D.G. Truhlar and B. Garrett, J. Chem. Phys., 96 (1992) 5758 and references therein.
W. Keirstead, K.R. Wilson and J.T. Hynes, J. Chem. Phys., 95 (1991) 5256.
H.A. Kramers, Physica, 7 (1940) 284.
(a) E. Grunwald and S. Winstein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70 (1948) 846; A.H. Fainberg and S. Winstein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78 (1956) 2770; (b) I.A. Koppel and V.A. Palm, Org. React. (Tartu), 6 (1969) 213; (c) M.H. Abraham, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II, (1972) 1343; (d) For a recent review, see G.F. Dvorko, E.A. Ponomareva and N.I. Kulik, Russ. Chem. Rev., 53 (1984) 547.
G.S. Hammond, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 77 (1955) 334. See also R.P. Bell, Proc Roy. Soc. (London) A, 154 (1936) 414, and M.G. Evans and M. Polanyi, Trans. Faraday Soc., 34 (1938) 11.
O. Tapia, J. Andres, J.M. Aullo and R. Cardenas, J. Mol. Structure, 167 (1988) 395.
H.J. Kim, R. Bianco, B.J. Gertner and J.T. Hynes, J. Phys. Chem. 97, 1723 (1993).
K. Ando, B.J. Gertner and J.T. Hynes, to be submitted.
A.L. Harris, J.K. Brown and C.B. Harris, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39, 341 (1988).
D. Ray, N.E. Levinger, J.M. Papanikolas and W.C. Lineberger, J. Chem. Phys. 91, 6533 (1989); J.M. Papanikolas, J. R Gord, N.E. Levinger, D. Ray, V. Vorsa and W.C. Lineberger, J. Phys. Chem. 95, 8028 (1991); A.E. Johnson, N.E. Levinger and P.F. Barbara, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 7841 (1992); I. Benjamin and R.M. Whitnell, Chem. Phys. Lett. 204, 45 (1993).
Y. Zeiri and M. Shapiro, Chem. Phys. 31, 217 (1978); M. Shapiro and Y. Zeiri, J. Chem. Phys. 70, 5264 (1978); Y. Zeiri and M. Shapiro, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 1170 (1981).
J. Juanós i Timoneda and J.T. Hynes, J. Phys. Chem., 95 (1991) 10431.
T. Fonseca, H.J. Kim and J.T. Hynes, J. Mol. Liq., (1993), in press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hynes, J.T., Kim, H.J., Mathis, J.R., Bianco, R., Ando, K., Gertner, B.J. (1994). Electronic Structure and Chemical Reactions in Solution. In: Jortner, J., Levine, R.D., Pullman, B. (eds) Reaction Dynamics in Clusters and Condensed Phases. The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, vol 26. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0786-0_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0786-0_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4337-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0786-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive