Skip to main content

Earlier 20th Century Developments; World War I

  • Chapter
History of the IAU
  • 85 Accesses

Abstract

International collaboration had been characteristic for astronomy long before the creation of the IRC and the IAU. There were, for instance, the Astronomische Gesellschaft Katalog projects since 1868; the Astrographic Catalogue (“Carte du Ciel”) project started in 1887; the International Association for Geodesy based on a Convention of 1896 and in 1907 extended for a new period of 10 years [1]; Kapteyn’s Plan of Selected Areas agreed upon in 1906; and, as a recent most comprehensive development, the International Union for Co-operation in Solar Research created in 1904, briefly referred to as the Solar Union.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. OBS, No.515, p.266, 1917 and No. 525, p. 181, 1918.

    Google Scholar 

  2. O&S, Chapter I.

    Google Scholar 

  3. O&S, Chapter IV.

    Google Scholar 

  4. O&S, Chapter III.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Helen Wright, “Explorer of the Universe”, E.P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Helen Wright, “George Ellery Hale” in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. VI. p. 26, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wright, H., Warnow, J.N., and Weiner, C., “The Legacy of George Ellery Hale”, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and London, England, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  8. See, for instance, the leaflet “Organization of the National Research Council; Preamble”, and the Introduction in pamphlet “National Research Council; War Organization” issued by the U.S. Government, Washington 1918, which also contains the Act of Incorporation of the National Academy, the Executive Order of President Wilson, and an outline of the War Organization of the National Research Council; both leaflets in Archives POB, Archives 1850–1942, carton 9, folder Conseil International des Recherches.

    Google Scholar 

  9. According to letter to the President, The White House, of August 14, 1918 in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  10. GEH to WWC, 1917 March 6, in SLO, marked “23”.

    Google Scholar 

  11. H.H. Turner to GEH, 1917 June 26, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Emile Picard to GEH, 1917 July 22, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  13. AS to GEH, 1917 August 27, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  14. WWC circular letter 1917 Sept., in SLO, folder WWC-1917; also: from WWC for GEH, 1917 Sept. 15, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  15. WWC to GEH, 1917 March 30; GEH to WWC, 1917 April 10; WWC to GEH, 1917 April 18; WWC to GEH, 1918 July 1; all in SLO, marked “23”.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Probably the Memo mentioned under reference no. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  17. GEH to Council Nat. Ac, Sc., 1917 Sept. 18, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  18. GEH to Em. Picard, 1917 September 19, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  19. GEH to Secr. of State, 1917 Sept. 20, 21, and 22, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  20. GEH to AS, 1917 Sept. 22, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H.N. Russell to Hale?, 1917 Sept. 18, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  22. R.A. Millikan to GEH, 1917 Sept. 27, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  23. A.L. Day to GEH, 1917 Oct. 1, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  24. E.J. Conklin to GEH, 1917 Oct. 1, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  25. W.H. Howell to GEH, 1917 Oct. 3, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  26. R.H. Chittenden to GEH, 1917 Oct. 3, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Pupin to GEH, 1917 Oct. 20, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  28. GEH to AS, 1917 Oct. 29, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  29. AS to GEH, 1917 Oct. 29, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  30. In POB, Archives 1850–1942, carton 9, folder IV.C, Conseil International de Recherches; and ref. in GEH to S. Flexner, 1918 July 17, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  31. GEH to AS, 1918 April 18, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  32. HAB to GEH, 1918 March 4, May 15, and June 14, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  33. GEH to AS, 1918 June 17 and June 19, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Circular Letter by AS, 1918 June 17, in HPM; also in SLO, folder Arthur Schuster marked 381; AS to GEH, 1918 July 27, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  35. HAB to GEH, 1918 July 25, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  36. GEH to President W. Wilson, 1918 August 3; GEH to EMH, 1918 August 3 and August 9; in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  37. President Woodrow Wilson to GEH, 1918 August 14, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brockett to GEH, 1918 August 26, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  39. GEH to HAB, 1918 August 21, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  40. GEH to EMH, 1918 August 25; GEH to President W. Wilson, 1918 August 28 and 29; in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  41. GEH, handwritten notes, No.000432 on microfilm, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. Larmor to HAB, 1918 July 9; HAB to GEH, 1918 July 19; in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  43. HAB to GEH, 1918 July 23, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  44. HAB to GEH, 1918 July 23 and 25, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  45. AS to GEH, 1918 July 27, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  46. GEH, “Memorandum on the Organization of International Science”, undated, number 000281 on microfilm HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  47. GEH to E. Picard, 1918 August 14 and 19, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  48. GEH to French Ambassador at Washington, 1918 September 7, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  49. GEH to President W. Wilson, 1918 Oct. 15, Enclosure C, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  50. George Lecointe, “Intellectual International Relations After the War”, undated, number 000414 on microfilm in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Joel Stebbins, circular letter of 1918 August 22, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  52. E.C. Pickering to GEH, 1918 August 24, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Acting Secretary NRC to GEH, 1918 September 12, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  54. J.J. Thomson to GEH, 1918 Sept. 27, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  55. H.E. Newall to GEH, 1918 Oct. 2, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  56. H.H. Turner to GEH, 1918 Oct. 6, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Copy in HPM, number 000535 on microfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  58. GEH to President Wilson, 1918 Oct. 15, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Ibid. enclosure A, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  60. In POB, Archives 1850–1942, Carton 9, Conseil International de Recherches; folder IV.C, Conf�rence de Londres.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  63. As ref. no. 58.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  65. AS to GEH, 1918 Oct. 19, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Copy number 000539 on microfilm, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  67. AS, circular letter, 1919 March 17, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  68. In POB, Archives 1850–1942, Carton 9, Conseil International de Recherches; folder V, Conf�rence de Bruxelles.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Copy, undated, in HPM number 000587 on microfilm.

    Google Scholar 

  70. AS to GEH, 1919 August 30, in SLO, marked “23”.

    Google Scholar 

  71. F.H.Seares to GEH, 1919 July 31, in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

  72. GEH to WWC, 1919 Sept. 12, in SLO marked “23”.

    Google Scholar 

  73. H.O. Wood to GEH, 1920 May 28; GEH to AS, 1920 June 3; AS to GEH, 1920 June 21; GEH to AS, 1920 July 9; in HPM.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blaauw, A. (1994). Earlier 20th Century Developments; World War I. In: History of the IAU. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0978-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0978-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-2980-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0978-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics