Abstract
283. It is clear from the preceding that if the middle term, or either or both of the extremes, is a retracted term then the syllogism will yield <a conclusion> in each of the moods of the various figures in the manner that the combination <of sentences> with simple terms yields. This may become clear through the same explanation that was offered there. The <preceding rule> appliesa when the middle term is the same in meaning, and the meaning of the extremes in the conclusion is the same as their meaning in the premises, as was explained earlier, I mean the requirement of the middle term being the same and the requirement of the extremes being in the same manner in the premises and in the conclusion (i.e., bthey will be taken in the conclusion in the same manner that they are taken in the premises)b.
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Notes
yit’amet, lit.: ‘will be verified’.
Lit.: ‘what was not taken from them in the premises will not be taken in the conclusion’.
I.e., the extremes.
Lit.: ‘in’.
Or: <moving> will be true of any attribute by which man is described.
I.e., through some logical operation the middle term, which is retracted in one premise and not retracted in the other, can be transformed (‘reduced’) to the same term.
shem nishlam.
I.e., according to the conditions stipulated in I.6.
Lit.: ‘in each’.
The passage between square brackets is missing in chapter 8 of the mss. but it appears in a fragment before chapter 9 in P and L. In chapter 8 there is no textual indication of an omission; instead we find: ‘… the term is reduced to <a term> without a mode, or it is reduced to <a term> with another mode. An illustration of this is’, etc. In other words, in chapter 8 Gersonides had applied his rule to apply to the placement and removal of modes, whereas in the fragment he also considers the placement and removal of adverbs of time and place. Does this fragment represent a further redaction?
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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Manekin, C.H. (1992). On the Conditions of Syllogisms with Modes, Particles, and Retracted Terms. In: The Logic of Gersonides. The New Synthese Historical Library, vol 40. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2614-4_20
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