Skip to main content

Gastroesophageal and Biliary Reflux

  • Chapter
Nuclear Medicine in Gastroenterology

Part of the book series: Developments in Nuclear Medicine ((DNUM,volume 18))

  • 55 Accesses

Introduction

Within the past 15 years an increasing number of technical procedures have been developed to diagnose gastroesophageal or duodenogastric reflux (Table 1). They are aimed at measuring different features of reflux such as retroperistaltic transport of food or digesta, insufficient function of anatomic sphincters, or changing composition of gastric or esophageal contents. Among them nuclear medicine procedures have gained importance because of their easy handling and non-invasive way of investigation. After a brief recapitulation of reflux pathogenesis, this review will present the state of the art of nuclear medicine techniques as well as a summary of clinical results and considerations about indication.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alexander-Williams J (1982) ‘Alkaline reflux gastritis: a myth or a disease?’ Am J Surg 143: 17–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arasu TS, Wyllie R (1980) ‘Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children — comparative accuracy of diagnostic methods.’ J Pediatr 5: 798–803.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bares R, Fass J, Buell U, Kleinhans E, Schumpelick V (1986) ‘Changes of gastrointestinal motility after complete gastrectomy.’ Nucl Med 4: Al21.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bares R, Fass J, Weiller G, Kleinhans E, Bull U, Schumpelick V (1988) ‘Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik funktioneller Veränderungen nach resezierenden Magenoperationen.’ Nucl Med 2: 17.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bares R (1988) ‘Nuklearmedizinische Refluxdiagnostik.’ Nuklearmediziner 5,11: 331–7.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chervu IR, Nunn AD, Loberg MD (1982) ‘Radiopharmaceuticals for hepatobiliary imaging.’ Sem Nucl Med 12: 5–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Clark J, De Meester TR, Johnson L, Skinner DB (1975) ‘24 hr lower esophageal pH-monitoring and the lower esophageal sphincter.’ Surg Forum 26: 362–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ, Miller WN (1976) ‘Reflux esophagitis.’ Am J Dig Dis 21: 49–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Donovan IA, Fielding JWL, Bradby H, Sorgi M, Harding LK (1982) ‘Bile diversion after total gastrectomy.’ Br J Surg 69: 389–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dufresne F, Carrier L, Gagnon M, Picard D, Chartrand R, Dumont A (1988) ‘Scintigraphie study of duodenal-gastric reflux in cases of primary gastropathy, chronic ulcer of the duodenal bulb, and Moynihan’s disease.’ J. Nucl Med 29: 17–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dumont A, Abramovici J, Barbier P (1984) ‘Quantitative analysis of Diethyl-IDA reflux — comparison of controls, dyspeptic, gastric ulcerated and gastrectomized patients.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 19 (suppl. 92): 206–9.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Evander A, Little G, Ridell RH, Walther B, Skinner DB (1987) ‘Composition of the refluxed material determines the degree of reflux esophagitis in the dog.’ Gastroenterology 93: 280–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fahrländer H (1981) ‘Pathophysiologie, Klinik und Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit.’ Schw Med Wschr 111: 550–5.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fisher RS, Malmud LS, Roberts GS, Lobis IF (1976) ‘Gastroesophageal scintiscanning to detect and quantitate GE reflux.’ Gastroenterology 3: 301–8.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gibson CJ, Bateson MC (1985) ‘A parametric image technique for the assessment of esophageal function.’ Nucl Med Commun 6: 83–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gratz KF, Creutzig H, Meyer HJ, Schober O, Pichlmayr R, Hundeshagen H (1982) ‘Nachweis von Gallerreflux nach Gastrektomie mit der hepatobiliären Sequenzszintigrafie.’ RöFo 137,4: 434–39.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gratz KF, Meyer HJ, Creutzig H, Pichlmayr R, Hundeshagen H (1984) ‘Nuklearmedizinischer Nachweis des ösophagealen Gallerefluxes.’ Nucl Med 24: 35–8.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Heidenreich P, Vogt P, Eisenberger AS, Wölfle KD (1982) ‘Diagnostik des duodenogastralen Reflux mit 99m-Tc-HIDA. Methode und Ergebnisse nach selektiv-proximaler Vagotomie (SPV) und Pyloroplastik.’ Nuklearmedizinier 2,5: 83–94.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Heyman S, Kirkpatrick JA, Winter HS, Treves S (1979) ‘An improved radionuclide method for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration in children (milk scan).’ Radiology 131: 479–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hoare AM, McLeish A, Thompson H, Alexander-Williams J (1978) ‘Selection of patients for bile diversion surgery: use of bile acid measurements in fasting gastric aspirates.’ Gut 19: 163–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hoare AM, Keighley MRB, Starkey B, Alexander-Williams J (1978) ‘Measurement of bile acids in fasting gastric aspirates: an objective test for bile reflux after gastric surgery.’ Gut 19: 166–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hyödynmaa S, Pääkkönen M, Aukee S, Korhonen K, Pääkkönen A, Länsimies E (1985) ‘Quantitative radioisotope measurement of duodenogastric reflux in patients with ulcer or gastrectomized for ulcer.’ Nucl Med 24: 107–10.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Karlqvist PA, Nörrby K, Svedberg J, Sjödahl R (1985) ‘Enterogastric reflux surgery. A comparison between gastroduodenostomy and Roux diversion.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 20: 861–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaul B, Halvorsen T, Petersen H, Grette K, Myrvold HE (1986) ‘Gastroesophageal reflux disease: scintigraphic, endoscopic, and histologic considerations.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 21: 134–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kazem I (1972) ‘A new scintigraphie technique for the study of the esophagus.’ Am J Roentgenol 4: 681–8.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Klein HA, Wald A (1984) ‘Computer analysis of radionuclide esophageal transit studies.’ J Nucl Med 25: 957–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Krejs GJ, Seefeld U, Brändli HH, Bron BA, Caro G, Schmid P, Blum AL (1976) ‘Gastrooesophageal reflux disease: correlation of subjective symptoms with 7 objective oesophageal function tests.’ Act Hep Gastroent 23: 130–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Krishnamurthy GT, Bobba VR, Langrell K (1984) ‘The gallbladder emptying response to sequential exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin.’ Nucl Med Commun 5: 27–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Leisner B, Witte J, Kiefhaber P, Eder M, Pfeifer J, Lang G, Mayr B (1978) ‘Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik des gastroösophagealen Refluxes.’ Z. Gastroenterol 16: 245–41.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Malmud LS, Fisher RS (1981) ‘The evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux before and after medical therapies.’ Sem Nucl Med 3: 205–15.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Martins JCR, Isaac PET, Sladen GE, Maisey MN, Edwards S (1984) ‘Gastro-oesophageal reflux scintigraphy compared with pH probe monitoring.’ Nucl Med Commun 5: 201–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Menin RA, Malmud LS, Petersen RP, Maier WP, Fisher RS (1980) ‘Gastroesophageal scintigraphy to assess the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease.’ Ann Surg 1: 66–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Moffat RC, Berkas EM (1965) ‘Bile esophagitis.’ Arch Surg 91: 963–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mosiman F, Sorgi M, Wolverson RL, Alexander-Williams J, Donovan IA, Harding LK (1983) ‘Bile reflux after duodenal ulcer surgery: a study of 112 asymptomatic and symptom-atic patients.’ From: Abstracts 2nd International symposium on duodenogastric reflux in Switzerland, 23rd-25th of June. Brunnen. P63.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Müller-Lissner SA, Fimmel CJ, Sonnenberg A, Heinzel F, Müller R, Blum AL (1983) ‘Novel approach to quantify duodenogastric reflux in healthy volunteers and patients with type I gastric ulcer.’ Gut 24: 510–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Muhammed I, McLoughlin GP, Holt S, Taylor TV (1980) ‘Non-invasive estimation of duodenogastric reflux using Technetium-99m p-butyl-iminodiacetic acid.’ Lancet 29: 1162–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Niemela S, Heikkilä J, Lehtola J (1984) ‘Duodenogastric bile reflux in patients with gastric ulcer.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 19: 896–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Piepsz A, Georges B, Rodesch P, Cadranel S (1982) ‘Gastroesophageal scintiscanning in children.’ J Nucl Med 23: 631–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Reichelt HG, Langenberg G, Löhlein D (1977) ‘Hepatobiliäre Sequenzszintigrafie in praeund postoperativer Oberbauchdiagnostik.’ Chirurg 48: 583–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rhodes J, Bernardo DE, Philipps SF, Rovelstad RA, Hofmann AF (1969) ‘Increased reflux of bile into the stomach in patients with gastric ulcer.’ Gastroenterology 57: 241–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ritchie WP (1980) ‘Alkaline reflux gastritis - an objective assessment of its diagnosis and therapy.’ Ann Surg 192,3: 288–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Rovelstad RA (1976) ‘The incompetent pyloric sphincter. Bile and mucosal ulceration.’ Am J Dig Dis 21: 165–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Safaie-Shirazzi S, DenBesten L, Zike WL (1975) ‘Effect of bile salts on the ionic permeability of the esophageal mucosa and their role in the production of esophagitis.’ Gastroenterology 68: 728–33.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Salo JA, Kivilaakso E (1984) ‘Contribution of trypsin and cholate to the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline reflux esophagitis.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 19: 875–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Schumpelick V (1985) ‘Duodenogastraler Reflux - eine aktuelle Bilanz’ Zbl Chir 110: 257–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Siegel JA, Wu RK, Knight LC, Zelac RE, Stern HS, Malmud LS (1983) ‘Radiation dose estimates for oral agents used in upper gastrointestinal disease.’ J. Nucl Med 24: 835–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Svedberg JB (1982) ‘The bolus transport diagram: a functional display method applied to esophageal studies.’ Clin Phys Physiol Meas 3: 267–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Thomas WEG (1984) ‘The possible role of duodeno-gastric reflux in the pathogenesis of both gastric and duodenal ulcers.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 19 (suppl 92): 151–5.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tole NM (1984) ‘Radiation exposure to patients during radiological examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract: intrahospital dose variations.’ Br J Radiol 57: 297–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tolin RD, Malmud LS, Reilley J, Fisher RS (1979) ‘Esophageal scintigraphy to quantitate esophageal transit (quantitation of esophageal transit).’ Gastroenterology 76: 1402–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Tolin RD, Malmud LS, Stelzer F, Menin R, Makler PT, Applegate G, Fisher RS (1979) ‘Enterogastric reflux in normal subjects and patients with Bilroth II gastroenterostomy.’ Gastroenterology 77: 1027–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Williams W, Krishnamurthy GT, Brar HS, Bobba VR (1984) ‘Scintigraphic variations of normal biliary physiology.’ J Nucl Med 25: 160–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wolverson RL, Sorgi M, Mosiman F, Donovan IA, Harding LK, Alexander-Williams J (1984) ‘The incidence of duodenogastric reflux in peptic ulcer disease.’ Scand J Gastroenterol 19 (suppl 92): 149–50.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bares, R., Buell, U. (1991). Gastroesophageal and Biliary Reflux. In: Biersack, J., Cox, H. (eds) Nuclear Medicine in Gastroenterology. Developments in Nuclear Medicine, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3316-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3316-6_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5464-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3316-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics