Abstract
Any attempt to outline the development of a branch of science and establish its status in a given society 1 requires the adoption of certain distinct methodological assumptions.
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References
V. Aubert, Sociology of Law, Vol. I, Oslo, 1964, p. 21 (mimeographed).
A. Malewski, “Dwa modele socjologii” (“Two sociological methods”), Studia Socjologiczne, No. 3/3, 1961, pages 52–3.
A. Podgòrecki, Socjologia prawa (“Sociology of law”), Warsaw, 1962, p. 205.
A. Malewski, O zastosowaniach teorii zachowania (“Applicability of the theory of behaviour”), Warsaw, 1964, pages 1–31.
A. Podgòrecki, “Problemy socjologii prawa” (“Problems of the sociology of law”), Studia Socjologiczne No. z/z, and the same author’s Socjologia prava, op. cit.
Detailed discussions of L. Petrazycki’s sociological conceptions of law are to be found in: J. Lande, “Socjologia Petrazyckiego” “(Petraiycki’s Sociology”) in Studia z filozofii prawa (“Studies in the philosophy of law”), Warsaw, 1959, p. 843 and A. Podgòrecki, “Teoria socjologii prawa” (“Theory of the sociology of law - L. Petraiycki’s Sociology”) in Sociology of law (op. cit.), and others. Petraycki lectured at St. Petersburg (1898–1917) and in Warsaw (1918–1931). He wrote in German, Russian and Polish. His principal works are: Die Frucht-verteilung,Berlin, /892; Die Lehre vom Einkommen, Berlin, Vol. I, 1893, Vol. II., 1895; Wwiedienje w izuchenie brava i nraystvenosti, (“Introduction to the study of law and morals”), St. Petersburg, 1908; Teoriya prava i gosudarstva (“Theory of Law and the State”), and. Edition, St. Petersburg, 1909–10. Confirmation exists that these and others of his works were interpreted and his ideas disseminated throughout the world by a number of his pupils and commentators, to such an extent that they ceased to be genuinely his. One thinks, for instance, of N. S. Timascheff’s “Growth and Scope of Sociology of Law” in the work of H. Becker & A. Boskoff, Modern Sociological Theory, New York, 1957, p. 424, also P. Sorokin’s Society, Culture and Personality, New York, 1947. One should note that the more accurate analysis of the question, by A. Hagerström for instance, who occupied himself with the sociology of law only in the period 1915–16, and by R. Pound (Jurisprudence, St. Paul, 1959, Vol. V) who turned to that discipline in the 1920’s and popularised it in the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon countries, provide interesting light on the degree to which they were under the direct influence of Petrazycki’s works.
The theories of legal policy were developed in Polish literature primarily by M. Borucka, Iniynieria spoleczna poprzez prawa“ (”Social Engineering through Law“), Zycie Nauki, 1948, Nos. 27–8; A. Podgòrecki, Zaloienia polityki prawa (”Principles of legal policy“), Warsaw, 1957 and ”Law and Social Engineering,“ Human Organization, Vol. XXI,1962, No. 3; J. Kowalski, Psychologiczna teoria prawa i panstwa L. Petraiyckiego (”L. Petrazycki’s psychological theory of Law and the State“), Warsaw, 1963.
H. Pietka, Przedmiot i metoda socjologii prawa (“The subject-matter and method of the sociology of law”), Warsaw, 1933 (based on theoretical principles); Teoria prawa (“Theory of law”), (mimeographed), Warsaw, 1947; J. Lande, Studies in the Philosophy of Law, op. cit.
B. Wròblewski & W. Swida, Sfdziowski wymiar kary w Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej (“Judicial decisions in the Polish Republic’), 1939.
W. Swida, Przestepca zawodowy (“The Professional Criminal”), Vilno, 1932.
Z. Bozyczko, Kradzied kieszonkowa i jej sprawca (“Pickpockets”), Warsaw, 1962.
P. Horoszowski, Zabojstwo z afektu (“Homicide under mental stress”), Warsaw, 1947.
M. Borucka-Arctowa, Z zagadnie22 spolecznego dzialania prawa (“Some social problems of the operation of law”), Cracow, 1962, p. 10; also a review of the same by A. Podgòrecki in Panstwo i prawo (“State and Law”), 1962, Nos. 8–9, p. 426.
K. Opalek & J. Wròblewski, Wspòlczesna teoria i socjologia prawa w Stanach Zjednoczonych (“Modern theory and the sociology of law in the United States”), Warsaw, 1963.
Z. Ziembinski, Podloze sporòw o alimentacje dziecka pozamaizenskiego (“Basis of the controversy on the maintenance of illegitimate children”), Warsaw, 1954.
Z. Ziembinski, Podloze spoleczne przysposobienia dziecka (“Social bases of adoption”), Warsaw, 1950.
Z. Ziembinski, “O mozliwosci empirycznego badaniaswiadomosci prawnej (”Possibility of an empirical study on knowledge of the law“), Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 1963, No. 3.
J. Gorecki, Rozwòd w iwietle socjologii prawa (“Divorce in the light of the sociology of law”), Warsaw, 1965.
Archives of Criminology, Vols. I & II, Warsaw, 1960, 1964.
T. Grzeszczyk ‘s Review of Podgòrecki’s “Zjawiska prawne w opinii publicznej” (“Legal phenomena in public opinion”) in Praca i Zabeszpieczenie Spolezne, 1964, No. 10, p. 61. A. Matejko expresses a similar view in his review of the same book in Kultura i Spoleczenstwo,1964, No. 4, p. 196.
A. Pilinow, Uiytecznoli niektdrych metod i technik socjologicznych do badaii nad prawem (“The utility of certain sociological methods and techniques for legal research”), Warsaw, 1964 (unpublished degree thesis).
A. Podgòrecki, “Eksperyment w socjologii prawa” (“Experiment in Sociology of Law”), in Prawo i Panstwo, 1962.
A law enacted in 1965 (April 6th) changes this situation and provides for Worker Courts the name: “Social Courts.”
Later research basically confirmed the previous findings. See Doiwiadczenix &Now robotniczych w Polsce w latach 1960–1963 (“Experience of Workers’ Courts in Poland in 1960–3”), Institute of Labour Protection, (mimeographed).
I. Majchrzakowa,Przestfpstwo brawnicze i jego sprawca (“Violation of law and the violator”), Warsaw, 1963.
W. Swida, Wplyw zmiany ustroju na przestepczole (“Effects of changes in the social structure on crime”), Wroclaw, 1960, p. 142.
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A. Podgòrecki, Zjawiska prawne, op. cit.,Chapter on Parental Authority, p. 99.
For error in the interpretation of the table on p. 126, A. Podgòrecki, Zjawiska prawne,op. cit., p. 151.
K. Kilianska, Kradzieze w Warszawskim Supersamik in 1962–1964 (“Thefts in the Warsaw Supermarket in 1962–4”), (unpublished degree thesis).
A. Podgòrecki, Prestiz prawa (“Prestige of the law”), Warsaw, 1966.
W. T. Adorno, The Authoritarian Personality, New York, 1950.
M. Rokeach, The Open and Closed Mind, New York, 1950.
According to the unpublished doctorate thesis of W. Wilniewski, Postawy toleraneji (“Attitudes of tolerance”)
A. S. Stauffer, Communism, Conformity and Civil Liberties, New York, 1955.
S. Ehrlich, “Kilka uwag o sprawie metodologii nauk prawnych” (“Notes on Methodology in Legal Science”), Państwo i Prawo, No. II, 1964, p. 641.
A. Podgòrecki, Zjawiska prawne, op. cit., Chapter on “Badania nad procesem podejmowania decyzji przez sedziego” (“Research on the process of decision-making by the judiciary”) (written in collaboration with A. Pilinow).
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Podgòrecki, A. (1968). The Sociology of Law in Poland. In: Treves, R., van Loon, J.F.G. (eds) Norms and Actions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-0790-5_8
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