Abstract
The last forty years of research in the philosophy of science have been characterised by the crisis of the standard conception of scientific theories. This model was developed by the logical positivists, especially Carnap and Hempel, over a long period of time: from the formation of the Vienna Circle in the late twenties, up to the end of the process of liberalisation of empiricism in the late sixties (roughly when the new philosophy of science was asserting itself).
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References
Neurath, Hahn, Carnap 1973: 308.
Suppe 1977a and 1977b; see also Suppe 1989, p. I, ‘From the received view to the semantic conception’ (pp. 1–77).
See, for example, Carnap 1963a: 51; see also Neurath 1935: 8.
See Kraft 1961: 817f.
Duhem 1962b: 328.
Rey 1907: 392ff, cited in Frank 1975: 9f.
Neurath 19 3 5: 44.
Kraft 1961: 818.
See Poincaré 1946b: 28, 29f, 140f (for aether as a metaphysician’s business, p. 174); 1946c: 349f, 352.
Poincaré 1946c: p. III, ch. X, sec. 2, ‘Science, Rule of Action’ (pp. 323–5)
Johnson 1992: 239.
Poincaré 1946b: 28.
From Goethe, Maxims and Reflections, maxims n. 1222, 1229, and from Mach 1911, cited in Frank 1975: 62f.
Neurath 1935: 12.
See Schlick 1979c, especially pp. 272ff; Carnap 1966.
Carnap 1963a: 45f.
Putnam 1975c: 124.
Putnam 1975c: 122f.
Hahn 1987: 30.
Quine 1977: 113.
Quine 1986: 100.
Enriques 1936: 26.
Frank 1975: 7ff.
For a more detailed justification of the historical component of my theoretical approach, see Parrini 1980b; 1983; 1987; 1994b; 1993; 1994c; 199+a.
Reichenbach 1958: 35, 37.
Parrini 1983.
Quine 1964d: 41.
See also below, ch II, sec. 5.1.
Neurath, Hahn, Carnap 1973: 306f.
Neurath, Hahn, Carnap 1973: 307f.
Neurath, Hahn, Carnap 1973: 307.
See Schlick 1974, ch. I, ‘The nature of knowledge’ [‘Das wesen der Erkenntnis’] (pp. 1–101).
Feigl 1979: xxif.
Suppe 1977b: 618.
See, respectively, Hesse 1976; Shapere 1984a, Introduction, in particular pp. xxixf; van Fraassen 1980: 6ff.
Van Fraassen 1980: 3f.
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Parrini, P. (1998). Positivisms Old and New. In: Knowledge and Reality. The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, vol 59. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9040-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9040-2_2
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