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Natural and Human Threats to Biodiversity in the Marine Ecosystem of Coastal Pakistan

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Coastal Zone Management Imperative for Maritime Developing Nations

Part of the book series: Coastal Systems and Continental Margins ((CSCM,volume 3))

Abstract

There exist several natural and made-made threats to biodiversity along the coast of Pakistan. Natural stresses include high wave action, high temperatures and salinity, and seasonal spread of oxygen-poor waters that ascend from deeper depths. Man-made stresses include the lack of replenishing sands and water discharge from the Indus River that have contributed to accelerated beach erosion and increased turbidity. It is the combined effect of such factors that have helped establish long and oceanic food chains in the inshore waters, resulting in more carnivorous, rather than herbivorous, fishes.

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Authors
  1. Muzammil Ahmad
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Bilal U. Haq

  2. Paris, France

    Syed M. Haq  & Gunnar Kullenberg  & 

  3. The Hague, The Netherlands

    Jan H. Stel

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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Ahmad, M. (1997). Natural and Human Threats to Biodiversity in the Marine Ecosystem of Coastal Pakistan. In: Haq, B.U., Haq, S.M., Kullenberg, G., Stel, J.H. (eds) Coastal Zone Management Imperative for Maritime Developing Nations. Coastal Systems and Continental Margins, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1066-4_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1066-4_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-4922-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-1066-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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