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Cytochrome c 6 of Cyanobacteria and Algae: From the Structure to the Interaction

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Cytochrome Complexes: Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 41))

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Summary

Cytochrome c 6 is a small, globular and soluble hemeprotein—found in algae and cyanobacteria, but not in higher plants—that usually serves as a redox carrier between the cytochrome b 6 f complex and photosystem I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In cyanobacteria, in particular, it can also donate electrons to cytochrome c oxidase and can thus serve as a switch between photosynthesis and respiration as these two processes share the same cellular location.

Cytochrome c 6 can be replaced by the blue copper protein plastocyanin in many cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, which are all able to synthesize one or the other protein depending on the relative availability of iron and copper. Such a metabolic versatility lets these organisms rapidly adapt to environmental changes. Although the three-dimensional structures of cytochrome c 6 and plastocyanin are evolutionary unrelated, their similar physicochemical properties and surface features make them easily exchangeable within each organism. Plants, however, only synthesize plastocyanin but not cytochrome c 6 as the increase in atmospheric molecular oxygen throughout the Earth’s life made copper more readily available than iron.

This chapter also focuses on cytochrome c 6 and its physiological transient interactions with photosynthetic or respiratory membrane-complexes, namely cytochrome b 6 f, photosystem I and cytochrome c oxidase. In all three cases, an optimal coupling between redox centers within the adducts is essential for electron transfer although the interactions of cytochrome c 6 with its partners must be weak enough to guarantee a rapid turnover. So rather than forming a well-defined system, the two partners adopt multiple conformations within encounter complexes that exchange among them with low activation barriers to eventually yield a final productive orientation. Accordingly, cyanobacterial and algal cytochrome c 6-involving dynamic ensembles result from a balance between hydrophobic contacts and electrostatic interactions, thus allowing cytochrome c 6 to scan the surface of its partner.

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Abbreviations

Cb 6 f :

Cytochrome b 6 f

Cc :

Cytochrome c

Cc 6 :

Cytochrome c 6

CcO:

Cytochrome c oxidase

Cf :

Cytochrome f

NDH:

NADPH DeHydrogenase

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Pc:

Plastocyanin

PQ:

PlastoQuinone

PRE:

Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

SDH:

Succinate DeHydrogenase

TROSY:

Transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all former and present members of the Biointeractomics group at the Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (cicCartuja, University of Seville—CSIC). We also thank to Prof. Helms, Prof. Roberts and Prof. Fernández-Recio for providing us the coordinates of Paracoccus c 552-CcO, Cc-CcO and Cc 6-CcO complexes, respectively. Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for several years (Grant No. BFU2003-00458/BMC, BFU2006-01361/BMC, BFU2009-07190/BMC and BFU2012-31670/BMC), by Ramon Areces Foundation and by the Andalusian Government (Grant PAI, BIO198, P07-CVI-02896 and P11-CVI-7216).

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  1. Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain

    Irene Díaz-Moreno, Antonio Díaz-Quintana & Miguel A. De la Rosa

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  1. Irene Díaz-Moreno
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  2. Antonio Díaz-Quintana
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  3. Miguel A. De la Rosa
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Correspondence to Irene Díaz-Moreno .

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    William A. Cramer

  2. Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA

    Toivo Kallas

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Díaz-Moreno, I., Díaz-Quintana, A., De la Rosa, M.A. (2016). Cytochrome c 6 of Cyanobacteria and Algae: From the Structure to the Interaction. In: Cramer, W., Kallas, T. (eds) Cytochrome Complexes: Evolution, Structures, Energy Transduction, and Signaling. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 41. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9_31

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