Abstract
This chapter contains descriptions, extents, identifications and remediation measures for the following geo-hazards:
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hydraulic failure
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erosion
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liquefaction
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rock dissolving and caves
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collapse of soil structure
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subsidence of ground surface
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heave of soil and rock
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slope instability
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contamination
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vibration
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earthquakes
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volcanoes
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frozen ground
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unexploded ordnance (UXO)
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gasses underground
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rock burst
Ground investigation contractors use cable and pipe detection tools and hand excavation of trial pits to 1 m depth to avoid hazards from high voltage cables and gas pipes. Biological hazards (poisonous animals and plants and harmful bacteria and viruses) should be subject of environmental assessment reports.
Risk is a product of hazard, structural vulnerability and cost for repairs or replacement.
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Srbulov, M. (2014). Geo-hazards. In: Practical Guide to Geo-Engineering. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 29. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8638-6_4
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