Abstract
The international security expert community foresees a growing probability for terrorist attacks using chemical (C), biological (B), radiological (R), and nuclear (N) material. Despite the high-impact such an event would have on the targeted society, the low probability of its occurrence reduces the willingness in some European Union (EU) Member States to invest in an increased level of CBRN preparedness beyond the absolute minimum. The European Commission has responded by allocating € 1,350 million for security research for the period 2007–2013, partly also for countering CBRN-related threats. This paper reports on: (1) Results of a comprehensive gap analysis among 80 EU first responder organizations (police, fire fighters, emergency medical services) in 25 EU Member States concerning the management of a mega-crisis, inter alia also concerning CBRN; (2) Analysis of major CBRN counterterrorism research achievements in the EU.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreements nos. 261693, 261817 and 218070.
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Notes
- 1.
Cooperation between France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Canada, The Netherlands, United Kingdom.
- 2.
Cooperation between Sweden, France, Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, The Netherlands.
- 3.
Cooperation between The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Finland, Belgium, Sweden, Ireland, Turkey, Spain, France.
- 4.
Cooperation between France, Germany, United Kingdom, Finland, Portugal, Latvia.
- 5.
Cooperation between France, Germany, Israel, United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden.
- 6.
Cooperation between Spain, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Sweden, Germany.
- 7.
Cooperation by France, United Kingdom, Germany, The Netherlands, Czech Republic, Croatia. It is noted that nuclear threats or hazards are not addressed in this project.
- 8.
Cooperation between Sweden, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France, Norway, Czech Republic, Poland.
- 9.
Cooperation between Israel, United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, The Netherlands.
- 10.
Cooperation between Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Czech Republic.
- 11.
Cooperation between Austria, Germany, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Spain, Hungary, Sweden.
- 12.
Cooperation between Norway, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria, Switzerland.
- 13.
Cooperation between Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Poland, Ireland, Belgium, United Kingdom.
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Steinhausler, F. (2015). EU Efforts in Managing CBRN Terror Attacks. In: Apikyan, S., Diamond, D. (eds) Nuclear Threats and Security Challenges. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9894-5_11
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