Skip to main content

Building on Schoenfeld’s Studies of Metacognitive Control Towards Social Metacognitive Control

  • Chapter
Proficiency and Beliefs in Learning and Teaching Mathematics

Part of the book series: Mathematics Teaching and Learning ((MTAL))

Abstract

When students work on mathematics problems, they select strategies, adapt them in response to feedback, allot time and make many other decisions to optimize their performance (Schoenfeld, 1985). These metacognitive control decisions involve strategic planning, self-monitoring and intentionally adapting problem solving paths to achieve a specific goal (Schoenfeld, 1985).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bannert, M., & Mengelkamp, C. (2008). Assessment of metacognitive skills by means of instruction to think aloud and reflect when prompted. Does the verbalisation method affect learning? Metacognitive Learning, 3, 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., Bransford, J. D., Ferrara, R. A., & Campione, J. C. (1983). Learning, remembering, and understanding. In J.H. Flavell & E.M. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Cognitive development (4th ed., pp. 77–166). New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruer, J. T. (1993). Schools for thought: A science of learning in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calskin, M., & Sunbul, A. M. (2011). The effects of learning strategies instruction on metacognitive knowledge, using metacognitive skills and academic achievement. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11(1), 148–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catdelle-Elawar, M. (1992). Effects of teaching metacognitive skills to students with low mathematics ability. Teaching and Teacher Education, 8(2), 109–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavanaugh, J. C., & Perlmutter, M. (1982). Metamemory: A critical examination. Child Development, 53, 11–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., Chiu, M. M., & Wang, Z. (2012). Social metacognition and the creation of correct, new ideas: A statistical discourse analysis of online mathematics discussions. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3), 868–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M. (2000). Group problem solving processes: Social interactions and individual actions. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1), 27–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M. (2001). Analyzing group work processes: Towards a conceptual framework and systematic statistical analyses. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. 4, pp. 193–222). Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M. (2008a). Flowing toward correct contributions during groups’ mathematics problem solving: A statistical discourse analysis. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17(3), 415–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M. (2008b). Effects of argumentation on group micro-creativity: Statistical discourse analyses of algebra students’ collaborative problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 383–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M., & Khoo, L. (2003). Rudeness and status effects during group problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 506–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M., & Kuo, S. W. (2009). Social metacognition in groups: Benefits, difficulties, learning, and teaching. In C. B. Larson (Ed.), Metacognition: New research developments (pp. 117–136). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M., Kessel, C., Moschkovich, J., & Munoz, A. (2001). Learning to graph linear functions: A case study of conceptual change. Cognition and Instruction, 19(2), 215–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M., & Pawlikowski, M. J. (2013). Social metacognition and micro-creativity. In E. G. Carayannis (Ed.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation, and entrepreneurship. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. G. (1994). Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. Review of Educational Research, 64(1), 1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, L., & Gunstone, R. (2004). Conscious knowledge of learning: Accessing learning strategies in a final year high school biology class. International Journal of Science Education, 26, 1427–1443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Harre, R. (1990). Positioning: The Discursive Production of Selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 20(1), 43–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, E. A., & Linn, M. C. (2000). Scaffolding students’ knowledge integration: Prompts for reflection in KIE. International Journal of Science Education, 22(8), 819–837.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desoete, A. (2009). Metacognitive prediction and evaluation skills and mathematical learning in third-grade students. Educational Research and Evaluation, 15, 435–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Desoete, A., Roeyers, H., & Buysse, A. (2001). Metacognition and mathematical problem solving in grade 3. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34, 435–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dirkes, M. A. (1988). Self-directed thinking in the curriculum. Roeper Review, 11(2), 92–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Efklides, A. (2009). The new look in metacognition: From individual to social, from cognitive to affective. In B. C. Larson (Ed.), Metacognition: New research developments (pp. 137–151). New York: Nova Science

    Google Scholar 

  • Efklides, A. (2011). Interactions of metacognition with motivation and affect in self regulated learning: The MASRL model. Educational Psychologist, 46(1), 6–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figueiredo, M., Lopez, A. S., Firmino, R., & de Sousa, S. (2004) “Things we know about the cow:” Concept mapping in a preschool setting. In A. J. Cañas, J. D. Novak, & F. M. González (Eds.), Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concept Mapping (Vol. I, pp. 125–133). Pamplona, Spain: Universidad Pública de Navarra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallenstein, N. L. (2005). Never too young for a concept map. Science and Children, 43(1), 44–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner, R., & Alexander, P. A. (1989). Metacognition: Answered and unanswered questions. Educational Psychologist, 24(2), 143–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R., & Ashman, A. (1996). Teaching collaborative skills to primary school children in classroom-based work groups. Learning and Instruction, 6, 187–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenberg, A. M., Wilkinson, A. C., & Epstein, W. (1982). The illusion of knowing: Failure in the self-assessment of comprehension. Memory, & Cognition, 10, 597–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gresham, F. M., Sugai, G., & Horner, R. H. (2001). Interpreting outcomes of social skills training for students with high-incidence disabilities. Exceptional Children, 67(3), 331–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacker, D. J., & Bol, L. (2004). Metacognitive theory: Considering the social-cognitive influences. In D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Big theories revisited (Vol. 4, pp. 275–297). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, H. J. (2001). Metacognition in learning and instruction: Theory, research and practice. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N. (1996). Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66(2), 99–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2006). Design principles for scaffolding technology-based inquiry. In A. M. O’Donnell, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, & G. Erkens (Eds.), Collaborative learning, reasoning, and technology (pp. 147–170). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton, D., & Clarke, D. (2006). Scaffolding and metacognition. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 37(2), 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holton, D., & Thomas, G. (2001). Mathematical interactions and their influence on learning. In D. J. Clarke (Ed.), Perspectives on practice and meaning in mathematics and science classrooms (pp. 75–104). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jost, J. T., Kruglanski, A. W., & Nelson, T. O. (1998). Social metacognition: An expansionist review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 137–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, A. P., Cai, X., Hancock, T. B., & Foster, M. E. (2002). Teacher reported behavior problems and language delays in boys and girls enrolled in Head Start. Behavioral Disorders, 28, 23–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (2008). Clarifying metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning: What’s the purpose? Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 477–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (1991). Effects of training in strategic questioning on children’s problem-solving performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 307–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, M. A. (2000). Using cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in the classroom. Preventing School Failure, 44, 81–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, S. (2009). Socially mediated metacognition and learning to write. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 4(3), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerch, C. M. (2004). Control decisions and personal beliefs: Their effect on solving mathematical problems. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 23(1), 21–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, B., & Boud, D. (2003). The impact of self-assessment on achievement: The effects of self-assessment training on performance in external examinations. Assessment in Education, 10, 209–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, T. M., & Geraci, L. (2011). Training metacognition in the classroom: The influence of incentives and feedback on exam predictions. Metacognition Learning, 6, 303–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. O., & Narens, L. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and some new findings. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 26, pp. 125–140). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, T. O., Kruglanski, A. W., & Jost, J. T. (1998). Knowing thyself and others: Progress in metacognitive social psychology. In V. Y. Yzerbyt, G. Lories, & B. Dardenne (Eds.), Metacognition: Cognitive and social dimensions (pp. 69–89). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otani, H., & Widner, R. L. (2005). Metacognition: New issues and approaches. The Journal of General Psychology, 132(4), 329–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelled, L., Eisenhardt, K., & Xin, K. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 1–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perels, F., Dignath C., & Schmitz, B. (2009). Is it possible to improve mathematical achievement by means of self-regulation strategies? Evaluation of an intervention in regular math classes. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 14(1), 17–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pressley, M., Etten, S. V., Yokoi, L., Freebern, G., & Meter, P. V. (1998). The metacognition of college studentship: A grounded theory approach. In H. Dunlosky & A. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 347–367). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pressley, M., Wood, E., Woloshyn, V. E., Martin, V., King, A., & Menke, D. (1992). Encouraging mindful use of prior knowledge: Attempting to construct explanatory answers facilitates learning. Educational Psychologist, 27, 91–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salonen, P., Vauras, M., & Efklides, A. (2005). Social interaction – What can it tell us about metacognition and coregulation in learning? European Psychologist, 10, 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985). Mathematical problem solving. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. (1987). What’s all the fuss about metacognition? In A. Schoenfeld (Ed.), Cognitive science and mathematics education (pp. 189–215). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. (1988, Spring). When good teaching leads to bad results: The disasters of “well taught” mathematics classes. Educational Psychologist, 23(2), 145–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense-making in mathematics. In D. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 334–370). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, H., & Jones, S. (2000). Scaffolding for success: Reflective discourse and the effective teaching of mathematical thinking skills. Research in Mathematics Education, 2(1), 19–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, K. (2008). Reasonable hostility: Situation-appropriate face attack. Journal of Politeness Research, 4(2), 169–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, N. M., Nemer, K. M., & Ing, M. (2006). Small-group reflections: Parallels between teacher discourse and student behavior in peer-directed groups. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(1), 63–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegner, D. M. (1995). A computer network model of human transactive memory. Social Cognition, 13, 319–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittenbaum, G. M., Hollingshead, A. B., Paulus, P. B., Hirokawa, R. Y., Ancona, D. G., Peterson, R. S., Jehn, K. A., & Yoon, K. (2004). The functional perspective as a lens for understanding groups. Small Group Research, 35, 17–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zellermayer, M., Salomon, G., Globerson, T., & Givon, H. (1991). Enhancing writing-related metacognitions through a computerized writing partner. American Educational Research Journal, 28(2), 373–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chiu, M.M., Jones, K.A., Jones, J.L. (2013). Building on Schoenfeld’s Studies of Metacognitive Control Towards Social Metacognitive Control. In: Li, Y., Moschkovich, J.N. (eds) Proficiency and Beliefs in Learning and Teaching Mathematics. Mathematics Teaching and Learning. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-299-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Societies and partnerships