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Designing Bioactive Scaffolds for Dental Tissue Engineering

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Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic

Abstract

Research in dentistry has aggressively moved into regenerative approaches in order to achieve improved clinical outcomes. Tissue engineering has been adopted in dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration with significant success. This article reviews the state of the art in tissue engineering across dentistry, particularly in areas like endodontics, periodontics, and orthodontics. The basic tenets of tissue engineering, i.e., incorporating cells and signaling molecules into a specially designed scaffold, could be applied to regenerate defective dental tissues as well. The main challenge here is that the tissues constituting the tooth and supporting structures have a highly intricate architecture, with each tissue having a specific function. Regeneration of pulp, dentine, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone has been individually demonstrated; but the collective regrowth of composite tissue structures is still elusive. Ambitious projects like growing the whole tooth and generating complete periodontium are in progress. This article emphasizes the futuristic role of tissue engineering in oral rehabilitation. The article also includes the efforts of an Indian team to design and develop bioactive scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration. Such ventures of effective translation of research become successful only through the combined efforts of material researchers, product designers, clinicians and industry.

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Abbreviations

BCP:

Biphasic calcium phosphate

CPC:

Calcium phosphate cement

CSF:

Cell sheet fragments

CSP:

Cell sheet pellets

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EMDs:

Enamel matrix derivatives

GTR:

Guided tissue regeneration

MCS:

Monolayered cell sheets

MLS:

Multilayered cell sheets

PAOO:

Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics

PDL:

Periodontal ligament

PEG-PLGA:

Polyethylene glycol polylactic-polyglycolic acid

RADMSCs:

Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

TCP:

Tricalcium phosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    Manoj Komath, H. K. Varma & Annie John

  2. Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    Vinod Krishnan

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, India

    Deepti Simon

  4. Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Meenakshi Dental College, Chennai, India

    Manikandhan Ramanathan

  5. Consultant – Medical Devices, 33/B1 Ashok Svasti, Balakrishna Road, Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai, 600041, India

    G. S. Bhuvaneshwar M.S., Ph.D.

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  1. Manoj Komath
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  2. H. K. Varma
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  3. Annie John
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  4. Vinod Krishnan
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Correspondence to G. S. Bhuvaneshwar M.S., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Asok Mukhopadhyay

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Komath, M. et al. (2017). Designing Bioactive Scaffolds for Dental Tissue Engineering. In: Mukhopadhyay, A. (eds) Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3701-6_25

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