Skip to main content

Benign Tumors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Thumb
  • 787 Accesses

Abstract

Various benign bone and soft tissue tumors can arise in the hand and thumb. The hand and thumb have complex and diverse anatomic and functional characteristics. Consideration of those characteristics is important for proper management of tumors in this region. The majority of benign tumors arising in the hand or thumb are ganglion cysts, epidermoid inclusion cysts, giant cell tumors of tendon sheath, enchondromas, and the palmar nodules of Dupuytren’s contracture. Because some malignant tumors may have benign appearances or growth behaviors, the surgeons always consider the possibility of malignant lesions in managing processes even for benign-looking lesions.

Here I will describe the clinical characteristics, evaluation and staging systems, managing methods, and prognosis of benign bone and soft tissue tumors in the hand and thumb region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Murray PM. Soft tissue neoplasm: benign and malignant. In: Trumble T, editor. Hand surgery update 3. Rosemont, IL: American Society for Surgery of the Hand; 2003. p. 569–81.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Enneking WF, Spanier SS, Goodman MA. Current concepts review: the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62A:1027–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wunder JS, Healey JH, Davis AM, et al. A comparison of staging systems for localized extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 2000;88:2721–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Unni KK, Dahlin DC. Dahlin’s bone tumors: general aspects and data on 11,087 cases. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schwartz HS, Zimmerman NB, Simon MA, Wroble RR, Millar EAA, Bonfiglio M. The malignant potential of enchondromatosis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1987;69A:269–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yasuda M, Masada K, Takeuchi E. Treatment of enchondroma of the hand with injectable calcium phosphate bone cement. J Hand Surg. 2006;31A:98–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Joosten U, Joist A, Frebel T, Walter M, Langer M. The use of an in situ curing hydroxyapatite cement as an alternative to bone graft following removal of enchondroma of the hand. J Hand Surg. 2000;25B:288–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wulle C. On the treatment of enchondroma. J Hand Surg. 1990;15B:320–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Goto T, Yokokura S, Kawano H, Yamamoto A, Matsuda K, Nakamura K. Simple curettage without bone grafting for enchondromata of the hand: with special reference to replacement of the cortical window. J Hand Surg. 2002;27B:446–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bickels J, Wittig JC, Kollender Y, et al. Enchondromas of the hand: treatment with curettage and cemented internal fixation. J Hand Surg. 2002;27A:870–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ablove RH, Moy OJ, Peimer CA, Wheeler DR. Early versus delayed treatment of enchondroma. Am J Orthop. 2000;29:771–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Giles DW, Miller SJ, Rayan GM. Adjunctive treatment of enchondromas with CO2 laser. Lasers Surg Med. 1999;24:187–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Athanasian EA, McCormack RR. Recurrent aneurysmal bone cyst of the proximal phalanx treated with cryosurgery: a case report. J Hand Surg. 1999;24A:405–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Athanasian EA. Aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor of the bone of the hand and distal radius. Hand Clin. 2004;20:269–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nielsen GP, Fletcher JA, Oliveira AM. Aneurysmal bone cyst. In: Fletcher CD, Bridge JA, Hogendoorn PC, Mertens F, editors. WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. p. 348–9.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Marcove RC, Shrth DS, Takemoto S, Healey JH. The treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;311:157–63.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gibbs CP Jr, Hefel MC, Peabody TD, Montag AG, Aithal V, Simon MA. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the extremities: factors related to local recurrence after curettage with a high-speed burr. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999;81A:1671–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramirez AR, Stanton RP. Aneurysmal bone cyst in 29 children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22:533–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Borrelli J Jr, RR MC Jr. Aneurysmal bone cyst involving the long finger metacarpal in a child: a case report. J Hand Surg. 1994;19A:800–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rock MG, Prichard DJ, Unni KK. Metastases from histologically benign giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984;66A:269–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Campanacci M, Giunti A, Olmi R. Giant cell tumors of bone: a study of 209 cases with long-term follow up in 130. Ital J Orthop Traumatol. 1975;1:24–7.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Athanasian EA, Wold LE, Amadio PC. Giant cell tumor of the bones of the hand. J Hand Surg. 1997;22A:91–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wittig JC, Simpson BM, Bickels J, Kellar-Graney KL, Malawer MM. Giant cell tumor of the hand: superior results with curettage cryosurgery and cementation. J Hand Surg. 2001;26A:546–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Greco F, Tamburelli F, Ciabattoni G. Prostaglandins in osteoid osteoma. Int Orthop. 1991;15:35–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wilson Y, Fogelman I, Evans DM. Detection of an elusive osteoid osteoma using a registration bone scan. J Hand Surg. 1997;22B:801–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Barei DP, Moreau G, Scarborough MT. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation of osteoid osteoma. Oper Tech Orthop. 1999;9:72–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosenthal DI, Hornicek FJ, Torriani M, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Osteoid osteoma: percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency energy. Radiology. 2003;229:171–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bednar MS, Weiland AJ, Light TR. Osteoid osteoma of the upper extremity. Hand Clin. 1995;11:211–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Nahra ME, Bucchieri JS. Ganglion cysts and other tumor related conditions of the hand and wrist. Hand Clin. 2004;20:249–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Carp L, Stout AP. A study of ganglion with special reference to treatment. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1928;47:460–8.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Athanasian EA. Bone and soft tissue tumors. In: Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, Cohen MS, editors. Operative hand surgery, vol. 2. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 1987–2035.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wang AA, Hutchison DT. Longitudinal observation of pediatric hand and wrist ganglia. J Hand Surg. 2001;26A:599–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Edwards SG, Johase JA. Prospective outcomes and associations of wrist ganglion cysts resected arthroscopically. J Hand Surg. 2009;34A:395–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kang L, Akelman E, Weiss AP. Arthroscopic versus open dorsal ganglion excision: a prospective, randomized comparison of rates of recurrences and residual pain. J Hand Surg. 2008;33A:471–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Moore JR, Weiland AJ, Curtis RM. Localized nodular tenosynovitis: experience with 115 cases. J Hand Surg. 1984;9A:412–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Glowacki KA, Weiss APC. Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Hand Clin. 1995;11:245–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Coroneos CJ, O’Sullivan B, Ferguson PC, et al. Radiation therapy for infiltrative giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. J Hand Surg. 2012;37A:775–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ingari JV, Faillace JJ. Benign tumors of fibrous tissue and adipose tissue in the hand. Hand Clin. 2004;20:243–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Enneking WF. Neoplasms of soft tissue. In: Enneking WF, editor. Clinical musculoskeletal pathology. 3rd ed. Gainesville: University of Florida Press; 1990. p. 422–49.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Azouz EM, Babyn PS, Mascia AT, Tuuha SE, Decarie JC. MRI of the abnormal pediatric hand and wrist with plain film correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1998;22:252–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Stull MA, Moser RP Jr, Kransdorf MJ, et al. Magnetic resonance appearance of peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Skelet Radiol. 1991;29:9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Swada T, Sano M, Ogihara H, Omura T, Miura K, Nagano A. The relationship between preoperative symptoms, operative findings and postoperative complications in schwannomas. J Hand Surg. 2006;31B:629–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Park MJ, Seo KN, Kang HJ. Neurologic deficit after surgical enucleation of schwannomas of the upper limb. J Bone Joint Surg. 2009;91B:1482–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Kang JW, Lee YS, Kim CJ, Shin SH, Chung YG. Neurologic deficits after surgical enucleation of schwannoma in the upper extremity. J Korean Soc Surg Hand. 2017;22:41–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Siqueira MG, Socolovsjy M, Martins RS, et al. Surgical treatment of typical peripheral schwannomas: the risk of new postoperative deficits. Acta Neuroch (Wien). 2013;155:1745–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Alektiar KM, Leung D, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Adjuvant radiation for stage IIB soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1643–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Donner TR, Voorhies RM, Kline DG. Neural sheath tumors of major nerves. J Neurosurg. 1994;81:362–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Ferner RE, Gutmann DH. International consensus statement on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis. Cancer Res. 2002;62:1573–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Fleming ANM, Smith PJ. Vascular cell tumors of the hand in children. Hand Clin. 2000;16:609–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Phillips CS, Murphy MS. Vascular problems of the upper extremity: a primer for the orthopaedic surgeon. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10:401–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Walsh JJ IV, Eady JL. Vascular tumors. Hand Clin. 2004;20:261–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Upon J, Coombs CJ, Mulliken JB, Burrows PE, Pap S. Vascular malformation of the upper limb: a review of 270 patients. J Hand Surg. 1999;24A:1019–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Hisaoka M, Quade B. Angioleiomyoma. In: Fletcher CD, Bridge JA, Hogendoorn PC, Mertens F, editors. WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. p. 120–1.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yang-Guk Chung .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chung, YG. (2019). Benign Tumors. In: Woo, S. (eds) The Thumb. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4400-7_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4400-7_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4399-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4400-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics