Skip to main content

Polymer Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polymer Gels

Part of the book series: Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials ((GHFSSM))

Abstract

Among various (nano)composites containing hydrogels, materials based on clays are emphasized. We show features of clays, which are beneficial in the formation of (nano)composites with hydrogels. Methods used in the synthesis of these materials and the resulting structures are demonstrated. Physicochemical techniques being valuable tools for characterization of this type of materials are also presented. Furthermore, the most important properties of hydrogel-clay (nano)composites are shown. Beside typically improved features like thermal stability, mechanical, rheological, and optical properties, as well as swelling and adsorption capacity are discussed. Finally, a wide range of possible applications of hydrogel-clay (nano)composites is outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aalaie J, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Rahmatpour A, Semsarzadeh MA (2008) Effect of montmorillonite on gelation and swelling behavior of sulfonated polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels in electrolyte solutions. Eur Polym J 44:2024–2031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams JM, McCabe RW (2006) Handbook of clay science: developments in clay science, vol 1. Chapter 10.2: clay minerals as catalysts. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal SK, Sanabria-Delong N, Bhatia SK, Tew GN, Bhatia SR (2010) Energetics of association in poly(lactic acid)-based hydrogels with crystalline and nanoparticle—polymer junctions. Langmuir 26:17330–17338

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al E, Gűҫlű G, Íyim TB, Emik S, Özgűműş S (2008) Synthesis and properties of starch-graft-acrylic acid/Na-montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 109:16–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater Sci Eng 28:1–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RL, Ratcliffe I, Greenwell HC, Williams PA, Cliffe S, Coveney PV (2010) Clay swelling—a challenge in the oilfield. Earth Sci Rev 98:201–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beisebekov MM, Serikpayeva SB, Zhumagalieva SN, Beisebekov MK, Abilov ZA, Kosmella S, Koetz J (2014) Interactions of bentonite clay in composite gels of non-ionic polymers with cationic surfactants and heavy metal ions. Colloid Polym Sci 293:633–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya R, Ray SK (2014) Removal of congo red and methyl violet from water using nano clay filled composite hydrogels of poly acrylic acid and polyethylene glycol. Chem Eng J 260:269–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bortolin A, Aouada FA, Mattoso LHC, Ribeiro C (2013) Nanocomposite PAAm/methyl cellulose/montmorillonite hydrogel: evidence of synergistic effects for the slow release of fertilizers. J Agric Food Chem 61:7431–7439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boruah M, Mili M, Sharma S, Gogoi B, Dolui SK (2015) Synthesis and evaluation of swelling kinetics of electric field responsive poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-polyacrylic acid/OMNT nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Compos 36:34–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breen Ch, Watson R (1998) Acid activated organoclays: preparation, characterization and catalytic activity of polycation-treated bentonites. Appl Clay Sci 12:479–494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brigatti MF, Galan E, Theng BKG (2006) Handbook of clay science: developments in clay science, vol 1. Chapter 2: structures and mineralogy of clay minerals. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Brindley GW, Brown G (eds) (1980) Crystal structures of clay minerals and their X-ray identification. Mineralogical Society, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Campos EVR, de Oliveira JL, Fraceto LF, Singh B (2014) Polysaccharides as safer release systems for agrochemicals. Agron Sustain Dev 35:47–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Can V, Abdurrahmanoglu S, Okay O (2007) Unusual swelling behavior of polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogels. Polymer 48:5016–5023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen B, Evans JRG, Greenwell HC, Boulet P, Coveney PV, Bowden AA, Whiting A (2008) A critical appraisal of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 37:568–594

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen P, Xu S, Wu R, Wang J, Gu R, Du J (2013) A transparent Laponite polymer nanocomposite hydrogel synthesis via in-situ copolymerization of two ionic monomers. Appl Clay Sci 72:196–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Xu W, Zeng G (2014a) The preparation and characteristic of robust inorganic/organic IPN nanocomposite hydrogels with fast response rate. J Mater Sci 49:7360–7370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen HB, Hollinger E, Wang YZ, Schiraldi DA (2014b) Facile fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) gels and derivative aerogels. Polymer 55:380–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chirino E, Vilagrosa A, Vallejo VR (2011) Using hydrogel and clay to improve the water status of seedlings for dryland restoration. Plant Soil 344:99–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis SD, Sharma MM (1997) Industrial applications of acid-treated clays as catalysts. React Funct Polym 32:93–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhary MS (2009) Inverse suspension polymerization of partially neutralized and lightly cross-linked acrylic acid: effect of reaction parameters. Macromol Symp 277:171–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dadkhah D, Navarchian AH, Aref L, Tavakoli N (2014) Application of taguchi method to investigate the drug release behavior of poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid)/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels. Adv Polym Tech 33:21426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalaran M, Emik S, Güçlü G, Iyim TB, Özgümüş S (2009) Removal of acidic dye from aqueous solutions using poly(DMAEMA-AMPS-HEMA) terpolymer/MMT nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Bull 63:159–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalaran M, Emik S, Güçlü G, Iyim TB, Özgümüş S (2011) Study on a novel polyampholyte nanocomposite superabsorbent hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and investigation of removal of indigo carmine from aqueous solution. Desalination 279:170–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinu MV, Perju MM, Drăgan ES (2011) Porous semi-interpenetrating hydrogel networks based on dextran and polyacrylamide with superfast responsiveness. Macromol Chem Phys 212:240–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong Y, Feng SS (2005) Poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)/montmorillonite nanoparticles for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 26:6068–6076

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du J, Chen P, Adalati A, Xu S, Wu R, Wang J, Zhang C (2014) Preparation and mechanical properties of a transparent ionic nanocomposite hydrogel. J Polym Res 21:541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekici S, Işikver Y, Saraydm D (2006) Poly (acrylamide-sepiolite) composite hydrogels: preparation, swelling and dye adsorption properties. Polym Bull 57:231–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sigeny S, Mohamed SK, Abou Taleb MF (2014) Radiation synthesis and characterization of styrene/acrylic acid/organophilic montmorillonite hybrid nanocomposite for sorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. Polym Compos 35:2353–2364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etika KC, Liu L, Cox MA, Grunlan JC (2016) Clay-mediated carbon nanotube dispersion in poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide). Colloid Surf A 489:19–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flessner U, Jones DJ, Rozière J, Zajac J, Storaro L, Lenarda M, Pavan M, Jiménez-López A, Rodrıguez-Castellón E, Trombetta M, Busca G (2001) A study of the surface acidity of acid-treated montmorillonite clay catalysts. J Mol Catal A Chem 168:247–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu F, Wang Q (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. J Environ Manag 92:407–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganguly S, Dana K, Mukhopadhyay TK, Parya TK, Ghatak S (2011) Organophilic nano clay: a comprehensive review. Trans Ind Ceram Soc 70:189–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao L, Sun Y, Zhang W, Li D, Hou C, Liu Y (2015) Mechanical behavior of a terpolymer-based pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogel. J Polym Res 22:221–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghadiri M, Chrzanowski W, Rohanizadeh R (2014) Antibiotic eluting clay mineral (Laponite®) for wound healing application: an in vitro study. J Mater Sci Mater Med 25:2513–2526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Güçlü G, Al E, Emik S, Iyim TB, Özgümüş S, Özyürek M (2010) Removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions by starch-graft-acrylic acid/montmorillonite superabsorbent nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Bull 65:333–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guggenheim S, Adams JM, Bain DC, Bergaya F, Brigatti MF, Drits VA, Formoso ML, Galan E, Kogure T, Stanjek H (2006) Summary of recommendations of nomenclature committees relevant to clay mineralogy: report of the Association Internationale Pour L’etude Des Argiles (AIPEA) nomenclature committee for 2006. Clays Clay Miner 54:761–772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guilherme MR, Fajardo AR, Moia TA, Kunita MH, Gonçalves MDC, Rubira AF, Tambourgi EB (2010) Porous nanocomposite hydrogel of vinyled montmorillonite-crosslinked maltodextrin-co-dimethylacrylamide as a highly stable polymer carrier for controlled release systems. Eur Polym J 46:1465–1474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Güler MA, Gök MK, Figen AK, Özgümüş S (2015) Swelling, mechanical and mucoadhesion properties of Mt/starch-g-PMAA nanocomposite hydrogels. Appl Clay Sci 112–113:44–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K (2007a) Nanocomposite gels: new advanced functional soft materials. Macromol Symp 256:120–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K (2007b) Nanocomposite hydrogels. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 11:47–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K (2008) Nanocomposite gels—fundamental significance and new functions. Kobunshi Ronbunshu 65:619–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K (2011a) Stimuli-responsive nanocomposite gels. Colloid Polym Sci 289:455–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K (2011b) Synthesis and properties of soft nanocomposite materials with novel organic/inorganic network structures. Polym J 43:223–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Li HJ (2009) The effect of water content on the ultimate properties of rubbery nanocomposite gels. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 47:2328–2340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Li HJ (2010) Hydrophobic surface characteristics of nanocomposite hydrogels. Macromol Symp 291–292:159–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Takada T (2010) Synthesis and characteristics of nanocomposite gels prepared by in situ photopolymerization in an aqueous system. Macromolecules 43:4294–4299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Takehisa T (2002) Nanocomposite hydrogels: a unique organic–inorganic network structure with extraordinary mechanical, optical, and swelling/de-swelling properties. Adv Mater 14:1120–1124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Varade D (2014) Platinum-polymer-clay nanocomposite hydrogels via exfoliated clay-mediated in situ reduction. Polymer (UK) 55:2496–2500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Xu Y (2012) Thermal analyses of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solutions and in nanocomposite gels. Colloid Polym Sci 290:1627–1636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Li H-J, Matsuda K, Takehisa T, Elliott E (2005) Mechanism of forming organic/inorganic network structures during in-situ free-radical polymerization in PNIPA-clay nanocomposite hydrogels. Macromolecules 2005(38):3482–3490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Takehisa T, Ebato M (2006) Control of cell cultivation and cell sheet detachment on the surface of polymer/clay nanocomposite hydrogels. Biomacromol 7:3267–3275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Li HJ, Ren HY, Zhu M (2010) Modification of nanocomposite gels by irreversible rearrangement of polymer/clay network structure through drying. Macromolecules 43:9848–9853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi K, Uyama K, Tanimoto H (2011) Self-healing in nanocomposite hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 32:1253–1258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harini M, Deshpande AP (2009) Rheology of poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogels during cross-linking with and without cellulose microfibrils. J Rheol 53:31–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helvacioǧlu E, AydIn V, Nugay T, Nugay N, Uluocak BG, Şen S (2011) High strength poly(acrylamide)-clay hydrogels. J Polym Res 18:2341–2350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennink WE, Van Nostrum C (2012) Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:223–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman AS (2002) Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 43:3–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinzadeh H, Zoroufi S, Mahdavinia GR (2015) Study on adsorption of cationic dye on novel kappa-carrageenan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Bull 72:1339–1363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Wang T, Xiong L, Wang C, Liu X, Tong Z (2010) Preferential adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol) on hectorite clay and effects on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/hectorite nanocomposite hydrogels. Langmuir 26:4233–4238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hua S, Yang H, Wang W, Wang A (2010) Controlled release of ofloxacin from chitosan-montmorillonite hydrogel. Appl Clay Sci 50:112–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang T (2012) P(NIPAM-co-AA)/clay nanocomposite hydrogels exhibiting high swelling ratio accompanied by excellent mechanical strength. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 107:905–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain YA, Liu T, Roberts GW (2012) Synthesis of cross-linked, partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid) by suspension polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:11401–11408

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussien RA, Donia AM, Atia AA, El-Sedfy OF, El-Hamid ARA, Rashad RT (2012) Studying some hydro-physical properties of two soils amended with kaolinite-modified cross-linked poly-acrylamides. Catena 92:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibraeva ZE, Zhumaly AA, Blagih E, Kudaibergenov SE (2015) Preparation and characterization of organic-inorganic composite materials based on poly(acrylamide) hydrogels and clay minerals. Macromol Symp 351:97–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim SM, El-Naggar AA (2013) Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay hydrogel through freezing and thawing followed by electron beam irradiation for the treatment of wastewater. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 26:1332–1348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ihsanullah AA, Al-Amer AM, Laoui T, Al-Marri MJ, Nasser MS, Khraisheh M, Atieh MA (2016) Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution by advanced carbon nanotubes: critical review of adsorption applications. Sep Purif Technol 157:141–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irani M, Ismail H, Ahmad Z (2013) Preparation and properties of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly(acrylic acid)/organo-montmorillonite superabsorbent hydrogel composites. Polym Test 32:502–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irani M, Ismail H, Ahmad Z, Fan M (2015) Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(ΙΙ) from aqueous solutions. J Environ Sci 27:9–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janovák L, Varga J, Kemény L, Dékány I (2008) Investigation of the structure and swelling of poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylic acid) based copolymer and composite hydrogels. Colloid Polym Sci 286:1575–1585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janovák L, Varga J, Kemény L, Dékány I (2009a) Swelling properties of copolymer hydrogels in the presence of montmorillonite and alkylammonium montmorillonite. Appl Clay Sci 43:260–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janovák L, Varga J, Kemény L, Dékány I (2009b) The effect of surface modification of layer silicates on the thermoanalytical properties of poly(NIPAAm-co-AAm) based composite hydrogels. J Therm Anal Calorim 98:485–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabiri K, Omidian H, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ, Doroudiani S (2011) Superabsorbent hydrogel composites and nanocomposites: a review. Polym Compos 32:277–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamoun EA, Menzel H (2012) HES-HEMA nanocomposite polymer hydrogels: swelling behavior and characterization. J Polym Res 19:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan M, Kasgoz H (2011) Hydrogel nanocomposite sorbents for removal of basic dyes. Polym Bull 67:1153–1168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karadaǧ E, Hasgül B, Kundakci S, Üzüm ÖB (2014) A study of polymer/clay hybrid composite sorbent-based AAm/SMA hydrogels and semi-IPNs composed of l-carrageenan and montmorillonite for water and dye sorption. Adv Polym Tech 33:21432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karadağ E, Ödemiş H, Kundakçi S, Üzüm OB (2015) Swelling characterization of acrylamide/zinc acrylate/xanthan gum/sepiolite hybrid hydrogels and its application in sorption of Janus Green B from aqueous solutions. Adv Polym Tech 35:248–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaşgӧz H, Durmus A (2008) Dye removal by a novel hydrogel-clay nanocomposite with enhanced swelling properties. Polym Adv Technol 19:838–845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaygusuz H, Erim FB (2013) Alginate/BSA/montmorillonite composites with enhanced protein entrapment and controlled release efficiency. React Funct Polym 73:1420–1425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kevadiya BD, Joshi GV, Bajaj HC (2010) Layered bionanocomposites as carrier for procainamide. Int J Pharm 388:280–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kevadiya BD, Joshi GV, Mody HM, Bajaj HC (2011) Biopolymer-clay hydrogel composites as drug carrier: host-guest intercalation and in vitro release study of lidocaine hydrochloride. Appl Clay Sci 52:364–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kevadiya BD, Patel TA, Jhala DD, Thumbar RP, Brambhatt H, Pandya MP, Rajkumar S, Jena PK, Joshi GV, Gadhia PK, Tripathi CB, Bajaj HC (2012) Layered inorganic nanocomposites: a promising carrier for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 81:91–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kevadiya BD, Rajkumar S, Bajaj HC, Chettiar SS, Gosai K, Brahmbhatt H, Bhatt AS, Barvaliya YK, Dave GS, Kothari RK (2014) Biodegradable gelatin-ciprofloxacin-montmorillonite composite hydrogels for controlled drug release and wound dressing application. Colloids Surf B 122:175–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khunawattanakul W, Puttipipatkhachorn S, Rades T, Pongjanyakul T (2011) Novel chitosan–magnesium aluminum silicate nanocomposite film coatings for modified-release tablets. Int J Pharm 407:132–141

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kloprogge JT (1998) Synthesis of smectites and porous pillared clay catalysts: a review. J Porous Mater 5:5–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kloprogge JT, Komarneni S, Amonette JE (1999) Synthesis of smectite clay minerale: a critical review. Clays Clay Miner 47:529–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kokabi M, Sirousazar M, Hassan ZM (2007) PVA-clay nanocomposite hydrogels for wound dressing. Eur Polym J 43:773–781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komadel P, Madejova J (2006) Handbook of clay science: developments in clay science, vol 1. Chapter 7.1: Acid activation of clay minerals. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotal M, Bhowmick AK (2015) Polymer nanocomposites from modified clays: recent advances and challenges. Review article. Prog Polym Sci 51:127–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kundakci S, Üzüm OB, Karadaǧ E (2008) Swelling and dye sorption studies of acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/bentonite highly swollen composite hydrogels. React Funct Polym 68:458–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kundakci S, Üzüm OB, Karadaǧ E (2009) A new composite sorbent for water and dye uptake: highly swollen acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid/clay hydrogels crosslinked by 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate. Polym Compos 30:29–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kundakci S, Üzüm ÖB, Karadaĝ E (2011) Behaviors of polyelectrolyte AAm/AMPS/bentonite composite hydrogels in uptake of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions. Polym Compos 32:994–1001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagaly G, Ogawa M, Dekany I (2007) Applied clay mineralogy: developments in clay science 2, Chapter 7.3: Clay mineral organic interactions. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee WF, Chen JC (2004) Effect of bentonite on the physical properties and drug-release behavior of poly(AA-co-PEGMEA)/bentonite nanocomposite hydrogels for mucoadhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2934–2941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WF, Jou LL (2004) Effect of the intercalation agent content of montmorillonite on the swelling behavior and drug release behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 94:74–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li A, Wang A (2005) Synthesis and properties of clay-based superabsorbent composite. Eur Polym J 41:1630–1637

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li A, Zhang J, Wang A (2007) Utilization of starch and clay for the preparation of superabsorbent composite. Bioresour Technol 98:327–332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li P, Siddaramaiah Kim NH, Heo SB, Lee JH (2008) Novel PAAm/Laponite clay nanocomposite hydrogels with improved cationic dye adsorption behavior. Compos B 39:756–763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li P, Kim NH, Hui D, Rhee KY, Lee JH (2009a) Improved mechanical and swelling behavior of the composite hydrogels prepared by ionic monomer and acid-activated Laponite. Appl Clay Sci 46:414–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li P, Siddaramaiah Kim NH, Yoo GH, Lee JH (2009b) Poly(acrylamide/laponite) nanocomposite hydrogels: swelling and cationic dye adsorption properties. J Appl Polym Sci 111:1786–1798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Wang X, Wang J (2012) Cation exchange, interlayer spacing, and thermal analysis of Na/Ca-montmorillonite modified with alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions. J Therm Anal Calorim 110:1199–1206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Gu R, Xu S, Abudurman A, Wang J (2014) Surfactant-assisted synthesis of a transparent ionic nanocomposite hydrogel. Appl Clay Sci 101:335–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lian C, Yang Y, Wang T, Sun W, Liu X, Tong Z (2014) A facile method for reinforcing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-hectorite clay nanocomposite hydrogels by heat treatment. Polym Compos 37:1557–1563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lian C, Zhang E, Wang T, Sun W, Liu X, Tong Z (2015) Binding interaction and gelation in aqueous mixtures of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and hectorite clay. J Phys Chem B 119:612–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Urban MW (2010) Recent advances and challenges in designing stimuli-responsive polymers. Prog Polym Sci 35:3–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Zhu M, Liu X, Jiang YM, Ma Y, Qin ZY, Kuckling D, Adler HJP (2007) Mechanical properties and phase transition of high clay content clay/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogel. Macromol Symp 254:353–360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu KH, Liu TY, Chen SY, Liu DM (2008) Drug release behavior of chitosan–montmorillonite, nanocomposite hydrogels following electrostimulation. Acta Biomater 4:1038–1045

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang A (2010) Enhanced adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/vermiculite hydrogel composites. J Environ Sci 22:486–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang A (2011) Effect of biotite content of hydrogels on enhanced removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. Ionics 17:535–543

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Wang T, Liu X, Tong Z (2012a) Accelerated cell sheet detachment by copolymerizing hydrophilic PEG side chains into PNIPAm nanocomposite hydrogels. Biomed Mater 7:055008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Li W, Rong J, Zhou C (2012b) Novel polymer nanocomposite hydrogel with natural clay nanotubes. Colloid Polym Sci 290:895–905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou C (2013) Chitin-natural clay nanotubes hybrid hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 58:23–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Wang T, Liu X, Tong Z (2014) Cell proliferation and cell sheet detachment from the positively and negatively charged nanocomposite hydrogels. Biopolymers 101:58–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lungu A, Perrin FX, Belec L, Sarbu A, Teodorescu M (2012) Kaolin/poly(acrylic acid) composites as precursors for porous kaolin ceramics. Appl Clay Sci 62–63:63–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Xu Y, Fan B, Liang B (2007a) Preparation and characterization of sodium carboxymethylcellulose/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/clay semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels. Eur Polym J 43:2221–2228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zha L, Liang B (2007b) Preparation and characterization of pH- and temperature-responsive semi-IPN hydrogels of carboxymethyl chitosan with poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) crosslinked by clay. Colloid Polym Sci 285:479–484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Zhang L, Li Z, Liang B (2008) Preparation and characterization of porous poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/clay nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Bull 61:593–602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavinia GR, Asgari A (2013) Synthesis of kappa-carrageenan-g-poly(acrylamide)/sepiolite nanocomposite hydrogels and adsorption of cationic dye. Polym Bull 70:2451–2470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavinia GR, Massoudi A, Baghban A, Massoumi B (2012) Novel carrageenan-based hydrogel nanocomposites containing laponite RD and their application to remove cationic dye. Iran Polym J 21:609–619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavinia GR, Aghaie H, Sheykhloie H, Vardini MT, Etemadi H (2013) Synthesis of CarAlg/MMt nanocomposite hydrogels and adsorption of cationic crystal violet. Carbohydr Polym 98:358–365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansoori Y, Salemi H (2015) Nanocomposite hydrogels composed of cloisite 30B-graft-poly(acrylic acid)/poly(acrylic acid): synthesis and characterization. Polym Sci Ser B 57:167–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marandi GB, Baharloui M, Kurdtabar M, Sharabian LM, Mojarrad MA (2015) Hydrogel with high laponite content as nanoclay: swelling and cationic dye adsorption properties. Res Chem Intermed 41:7043–7058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauroy H, Rozynek Z, Plivelic TS, Fossum JO, Helgesen G, Knudsen KD (2013) Oxygen-controlled phase segregation in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/laponite nanocomposite hydrogels. Langmuir 29:371–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merinska D, Malac Z, Pospisil M, Weiss Z, Chmielova M, Capkova P, Simonik J (2002) Polymer/clay nanocomposites based on MMT/ODA intercalates. Compos Interf 9:529–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki S, Endo H, Karino T, Haraguchi K, Shibayama M (2007) Gelation mechanism of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–clay nanocomposite gels. Macromolecules 40:4287–4295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molu ZB, Seki Y, Yurdakoç K (2010) Preparation and characterization of poly(acrylic acid)/pillared clay superabsorbent composite. Polym Bull 64:171–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moradi-Araghi A (2000) A review of thermally stable gels for fluid diversion in petroleum production. J Petrol Sci Eng 26:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray HH (2007a) Handbook of clay science: developments in clay science, vol 2. Chapter 6: bentonite applications. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray HH (2007b) Handbook of clay science: developments in clay science, vol 2. Chapter 2: applied clay mineralogy occurrences, processing and application of kaolins, bentonites, palygorskite-sepiolite, and common clays. Elsevier, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair SH, Pawar KC, Jog JP, Badiger MV (2007) Swelling and mechanical behavior of modified poly(vinyl alcohol)/laponite nanocomposite membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 103:2896–2903

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamoto K (1986) Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds. Part III, 4th edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura T, Ogawa M (2013) Adsorption of cationic dyes within spherical particles of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel containing smectite. Appl Clay Sci 83–84:469–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natkański P, Kuśtrowski P, Białas A, Piwowarska Z, Michalik M (2012) Controlled swelling and adsorption properties of polyacrylate/ montmorillonite composites. Mater Chem Phys 136:1109–1115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natkański P, Kuśtrowski P, Białas A, Piwowarska Z, Michalik M (2013a) Thermal stability of montmorillonite polyacrylamide and polyacrylate nanocomposites and adsorption of Fe(III) ions. Appl Clay Sci 75–76:153–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natkański P, Kuśtrowski P, Białas A, Surman J (2013b) Effect of Fe3+ ions present in the structure of poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite composites on their thermal decomposition. J Therm Anal Calorim 113:335–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natkański P, Kuśtrowski P, Białas A, Wach A, Rokicińska A, Kozak M, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L (2016) Hydrogel template-assisted synthesis of nanometric Fe2O3 supported on exfoliated clay. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 221:212–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ni B, Liu M, Lü S, Xie L, Wang Y (2011) Environmentally friendly slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. J Agric Food Chem 59:10169–10175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nie X, Adalati A, Du J, Liu H, Xu S, Wang J (2014) Preparation of amphoteric nanocomposite hydrogels based on exfoliation of montmorillonite via in-situ intercalative polymerization of hydrophilic cationic and anionic monomers. Appl Clay Sci 97–98:132–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida T, Obayashi A, Haraguchi K, Shibayama M (2012) Stress relaxation and hysteresis of nanocomposite gel investigated by SAXS and SANS measurement. Polymer 53:4533–4538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nistor MT, Vasile C, Chiriac AP, Tarţǎu L (2013) Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and drug carrier ability of hybrid collagen-based hydrogel nanocomposites. J Bioact Compat Polym 28:540–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odian G (1991) Principles of polymerization, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh ST, Kim WR, Kim SH, Chung YC, Park JS (2011) The preparation of polyurethane foam combined with pH-sensitive alginate/bentonite hydrogel for wound dressings. Fiber Polym 12:159–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okada A, Usuki A (2006) Twenty years of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Macromol Mater Eng 291:1449–1476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okay O, Oppermann W (2007) Polyacrylamide-clay nanocomposite hydrogels: rheological and light scattering characterization. Macromolecules 40:3378–3387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira MJA, Amato VS, Lugão AB, Parra DF (2012) Hybrid hydrogels produced by ionizing radiation technique. Radiat Phys Chem 81:1471–1474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira MJA, Estefânia OS, Braz LMA, Regina M, Amato VS, Lugão AB, Parra DF (2014) Influence of chitosan/clay in drug delivery of glucantime from PVP membranes. Radiat Phys Chem 94:194–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panagopoulou A, Vázquez Molina J, Kyritsis A, Monleón Pradas M, Vallés Lluch A, Gallego Ferrer G, Pissis P (2013) Glass transition and water dynamics in hyaluronic acid. Food Biophys 8:192–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paranhos CM, Soares BG, Machado JC, Windmöller D, Pessan LA (2007) Microstructure and free volume evaluation of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite hydrogels. Eur Polym J 43:4882–4890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul DR, Robeson LM (2008) Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites. Polymer 49:3187–3204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 33:1119–1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira EI, Da Cruz CCT, Solomon A, Le A, Cavigelli MA, Ribeiro C (2015) Novel slow-release nanocomposite nitrogen fertilizers: the impact of polymers on nanocomposite properties and function. Ind Eng Chem Res 54:3717–3725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongjanyakul T, Puttipipatkhachorn S (2007) Alginate-magnesium aluminum silicate films: effect of plasticizers on film properties, drug permeation and drug release from coated tablets. Int J Pharm 333:34–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongjanyakul T, Rongthong T (2010) Enhanced entrapment efficiency and modulated drug release of alginate beads loaded with drug-clay intercalated complexes as microreservoirs. Carbohydr Polym 81:409–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongjanyakul T, Suksri H (2009) Alginate-magnesium aluminum silicate films for buccal delivery of nicotine. Colloids Surf B 74:103–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potoczek M, Zawadzak E (2004) Initiator effect on the gelcasting properties of alumina in a system involving low-toxic monomers. Ceram Int 30:793–799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieder M, Cavazzini G, D’yakonov YS, Frank-Kamenetskii VA, Gottardi G, Guggenheim S, Koval PV, Muller G, Neiva AMR, Radoslovich EW, Robert JL, Sassi FP, Takeda H, Weiss Z, Wones DR (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. Canad Miner 36:1366–1374

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritger PL, Peppas NA (1987) A simple equation for description of solute release II. Fickian and anomalous release from swellable devices. Control Release 5:37–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues LADS, Figueiras A, Veiga F, de Freitas RM, Nunes LCC, da Silva Filho EC, da Silva Leite CM (2013) The systems containing clays and clay minerals from modified drug release: a review. Colloids Surf B 103:642–651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rokicińska A, Natkański P, Dudek B, Drozdek M, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L, Kuśtrowski P (2016) Co3O4-pillared montmorillonite catalysts synthesized by hydrogel-assisted route for total oxidation of toluene. Appl Catal B Environ 195:59–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutkevičius M, Munusami SK, Watson Z , Field AD, Salt M, Stoyanov SD, Petkov J, Mehl GH, Paunov VN (2012) Fabrication of novel lightweight composites by a hydrogel templating technique. Mater Res Bulletin 47 (4):980–986

    Google Scholar 

  • Salcedo I, Aguzzi C, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Mori M, Cerezo P, Sanchez R, Viseras C, Caramella C (2012) In vitro biocompatibility and mucoadhesion of montmorillonite chitosan nanocomposite: a new drug delivery. Appl Clay Sci 55:131–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salimi F, Sefti MV, Jarrahian K, Rafipoor M, Ghorashi SS (2014) Preparation and investigation of the physical and chemical properties of clay-based polyacrylamide/Cr (III) hydrogels as a water shut-off agent in oil reservoirs. Korean J Chem Eng 31:986–993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santiago F, Mucientes AE, Osorio M, Poblete FJ (2006) Synthesis and swelling behaviour of poly(sodium acrylate)/sepiolite superabsorbent composites and nanocomposites. Polym Int 55:843–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schexnailder P, Schmidt G (2009) Nanocomposite polymer hydrogels. Colloid Polym Sci 287:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulze DG (2005) Clay minerals, vol 1. In: Hillel D (ed) Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Elsevier, Academic Press, Boston, pp 246–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen M, Sun Y, Xu J, Guo X, Prud’homme RK (2014) Rheology and adhesion of poly(acrylic acid)/Laponite nanocomposite hydrogels as biocompatible adhesives. Langmuir 30:1636–1642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen J, Li N, Ye M (2015) Preparation and characterization of dual-sensitive double network hydrogels with clay as a physical crosslinker. Appl Clay Sci 103:40–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Xue Z, Wang X, Wang L, Wang A (2013) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by sorption on lignocellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite three-dimensional cross-linked polymeric network hydrogels. Polym Bull 70:1163–1179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirsath SR, Hage AP, Zhou M, Sonawane SH, Ashokkumar M (2011) Ultrasound assisted preparation of nanoclay Bentonite-FeCo nanocomposite hybrid hydrogel: a potential responsive sorbent for removal of organic pollutant from water. Desalination 281:429–437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirsath SR, Patil AP, Patil R, Naik JB, Gogate PR, Sonawane SH (2013) Removal of Brilliant Green from wastewater using conventional and ultrasonically prepared poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel loaded with kaolin clay: a comparative study. Ultrason Sonochem 20:914–923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirsath SR, Patil AP, Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH (2015) Ultrasonically prepared poly(acrylamide)-kaolin composite hydrogel for removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater. J Environ Chem Eng 3:1152–1162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shivashankar M, Mandal BK (2012) A review on interpenetrating polymer network. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4:1–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva SS, Luna SM, Gomes ME, Benesch J, Pashkuleva I, Mano JF, Reis RL (2008) Plasma surface modification of chitosan membranes: characterization and preliminary cell response studies. Macromol Biosci 8:568–576

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silvestre J, Silvestre N, de Brito J (2016) Polymer nanocomposites for structural applications: recent trends and new perspectives. Mech Adv Mater Struct 23:1263–1277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M (2003) Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite: a review from preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 28:1539–1641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirousazar M, Kokabi M, Hassan ZM, Bahramian AR (2011a) Dehydration kinetics of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite hydrogels containing Na-montmorillonite nanoclay. Sci Iran 18:780–784

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirousazar M, Kokabi M, Zuhair MH (2011b) In vivo and cytotoxic assays of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay nanocomposite hydrogel wound dressing. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 22:1023–1033

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song L, Zhu M, Chen Y, Haraguchi K (2008) Temperature- and pH-sensitive nanocomposite gels with semi-interpenetrating organic/inorganic networks. Macromol Chem Phys 209:1564–1575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song F, Zhang LM, Shi JF, Li NN (2010) Viscoelastic and fractal characteristics of a supramolecular hydrogel hybridized with clay nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B 81:486–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song G, Zhang L, He C, Fang D-C, Whitten PG, Wang H (2013) Facile fabrication of tough hydrogels physically cross-linked by strong cooperative hydrogen bonding. Macromolecules 46:7423–7435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stempfle B, Große A, Ferse B, Arndt KF, Wöll D (2014) Anomalous diffusion in thermoresponsive polymer-clay composite hydrogels probed by wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Langmuir 30:14056–14061

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su X, Zhang G, Xu K, Wang J, Song C, Wang P (2008) The effect of MMT/modified MMT on the structure and performance of the superabsorbent compos. Polym Bull 60:69–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swain SK, Shur B, Patra SK (2013) Poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl alcohol)-superabsorbent materials reinforced by modified clay. Polym Compos 34:1794–1800

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takeno H, Nakamura W (2013) Structural and mechanical properties of composite hydrogels composed of clay and a polyelectrolyte prepared by mixing. Colloid Polym Sci 291:1393–1399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamesue S, Ohtani M, Yamada K, Ishida Y, Spruell JM, Lynd NA, Hawker CJ, Aida T (2013) Linear versus dendritic molecular binders for hydrogel network formation with clay nanosheets: studies with ABA triblock copolyethers carrying guanidinium ion pendants. J Am Chem Soc 135:15650–15655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan KB, Vakili M, Horri BA, Poh PE, Abdullah AZ, Salamatinia B (2015) Adsorption of dyes by nanomaterials: recent developments and adsorption mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 150:229–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014a) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide: a review. J Clean Prod 82:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014b) Recent advances in graft copolymerization and applications of chitosan: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(12):2637–2652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2015) Recent advances in green hydrogels from lignin: a review. Int J Biol Macromol 72:834–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thatiparti TR, Tammishetti S, Nivasu MV (2010) UV curable polyester polyol acrylate)/bentonite nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, and drug release. J Biomed Mater Res B 92:111–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu J, Cao Z, Jing Y, Fan C, Zhang C, Liao L, Liu L (2013) Halloysite nanotube nanocomposite hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and drug release behavior. Compos Sci Technol 85:126–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urbano B, Rivas BL (2011) Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and poly(2-acrylamidoglycolic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels: montmorillonite effect on water absorption, thermal, and rheological properties. Polym Bull 67:1823–1836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaccari A (1999) Clays and catalysis: a promising future. Appl Clay Sci 14:161–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanamudan A, Bandwala K, Pamidimukkala P (2014) Adsorption property of Rhodamine 6G onto chitosan-g-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)/montmorillonite composite. Int J Biol Macromol 69:506–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varma AJ, Deshpande SV, Kennedy JF (2004) Metal complexation by chitosan and its derivatives: a review. Carbohydr Polym 55:77–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan T, Cheng W, Zhou Z, Xu M, Zou C, Li R (2015a) Influence of crosslinker amount on swelling and gel properties of hectorite/poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogels. Korean J Chem Eng 32:1434–1439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan T, Zou C, Wang L, Wu D, Cheng W, Li R, Xu M (2015b) Hectorite effects on swelling and gel properties of hectorite/poly(AM/IA) nanocomposite hydrogels. Polym Bull 72:1113–1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wan Ngah WS, Teong LC, Hanafiah MAKM (2011) Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: a review. Carbohydr Polym 83:1446–1456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Chen D (2012) Preparation and characterization of a novel stimuli-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel with improved mechanical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 372:245–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YH, Siu WK (2006) Structure characteristics and mechanical properties of kaolinite soils. I. Surface charges and structural characterizations. Can Geotech J 43:587–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Zhang JP, Wang AQ (2008a) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superadsorbent nanocomposite. Colloids Surf A 322:47–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Du Y, Luo J (2008b) Biopolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite: preparation, drug-controlled release property and cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology 19:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang A (2009) Preparation and characterization of a novel pH-sensitive chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium alginate composite hydrogel bead for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Carbohydr Polym 78:731–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Liu D, Lian C, Zheng S, Liu X, Wang C, Tong Z (2011a) Rapid cell sheet detachment from alginate semi-interpenetrating nanocomposite hydrogels of PNIPAm and hectorite clay. React Funct Polym 71:447–454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Ma J, Yang S, Xu J (2011b) PDMAA/clay nanocomposite hydrogels based on two different initiations. Colloids Surf A 390:20–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang T, Sun W, Liu X, Wang C, Fu S, Tong Z (2013a) Promoted cell proliferation and mechanical relaxation of nanocomposite hydrogels prepared in cell culture medium. React Funct Polym 73:683–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Wang W, Wang A (2013b) Efficient adsorption of methylene blue on an alginate-based nanocomposite hydrogel enhanced by organo-illite/smectite clay. Chem Eng J 228:132–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weian Z, Wei L, Yue EF (2005) Synthesis and properties of a novel hydrogel nanocomposites. Mater Lett 59:2876–2880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia M, Cheng Y, Meng Z, Jiang X, Chen Z, Theato P, Zhu M (2015) A novel nanocomposite hydrogel with precisely tunable UCST and LCST. Macromol Rapid Commun 36:477–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiang Y, Peng Z, Chen D (2006) A new polymer/clay nano-composite hydrogel with improved response rate and tensile mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 42:2125–2132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong L, Hu X, Liu X, Tong Z (2008) Network chain density and relaxation of in situ synthesized polyacrylamide/hectorite clay nanocomposite hydrogels with ultrahigh tensibility. Polymer 49:5064–5071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu K, Wang J, Xiang S, Chen Q, Yue Y, Su X, Song C, Wang P (2007a) Polyampholytes superabsorbent nanocomposites with excellent gel strength. Compos Sci Technol 67:3480–3486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu K, Wang J, Xiang S, Chen Q, Zhang W, Wang P (2007b) Study on the synthesis and performance of hydrogels with ionic monomers and montmorillonite. Appl Clay Sci 38:139–145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yavari-Gohar MR, Kabiri K, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ, Hashemi SA (2010) Thermo-hydrolytic stability of swelling capacity of superabsorbing composite hydrogels based on AMPS and acrylamide. J Polym Res 17:151–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi JZ, Zhang LM (2007) Studies of sodium humate/polyacrylamide/clay hybrid hydrogels. I. Swelling and rheological properties of hydrogels. Eur Polym J 43:3215–3221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi JZ, Zhang LM (2008) Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium humate/polyacrylamide/clay hybrid hydrogels. Bioresour Technol 99:2182–2186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan Q, Shah J, Hein S, Misra RDK (2010) Controlled and extended drug release behavior of chitosan-based nanoparticle carrier. Acta Biomater 6:1140–1148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang FQ, Guo ZJ, Gao H, Li YC, Ren L, Shi L, Wang LX (2005a) Synthesis and properties of sepiolite/poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) nanocomposites. Polym Bull 55:419–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Chen H, Wang A (2005b) Study on superabsorbent composite. III. Swelling behaviors of polyacrylamide/attapulgite composite based on acidified attapulgite and organo-attapulgite. Eur Polym J 41:2434–2442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LM, Zhou YJ, Wang Y (2006) Novel hydrogel composite for the removal of water-soluble cationic dye. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 81:799–804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen L (2009) Preparation and performance of nanocomposite hydrogels based on different clay. Appl Clay Sci 46:346–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Chen L, Dong Y, Lu S (2013) Temperature-sensitivity and cell biocompatibility of freeze-dried nanocomposite hydrogels incorporated with biodegradable PHBV. Mater Sci Eng C 33:1616–1622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Zhang T, He T, Chen L (2014a) Removal of crystal violet by clay/PNIPAm nanocomposite hydrogels with various clay contents. Appl Clay Sci 90:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang S, Guan Y, Fu GQ, Chen BY, Peng F, Yao CL, Sun RC (2014b) Organic/inorganic superabsorbent hydrogels based on xylan and montmorillonite. J Nanomater. Article ID 675035

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Gu Q, Yin J, Wang Z, He P (2014c) Effect of organic montmorillonite type on the swelling behavior of superabsorbent nanocomposites. Adv Polym Technol 33:21400

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M, Xu Y, Zhang C, Rong H, Zeng G (2016) New trends in removing heavy metals from wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:6509–6518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Wang A (2009) Evaluation of ammonium removal using a chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/rectorite hydrogel composite. J Hazard Mater 171:671–677

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Li P, Zhang J, Wang A (2007) Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of poly(sodium acrylate)/vermiculite superabsorbent composites. Eur Polym J 43:1691–1698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Xie Y, Wang A (2012) Rapid and wide pH-independent ammonium-nitrogen removal using a composite hydrogel with three-dimensional networks. Chem Eng J 179:90–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X, Wu D, Su T, Bao S, Liao C, Wang Q (2014) Magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel prepared by ZnO-initiated photopolymerization for La (III) adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Inter 6:19840–19849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu M, Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang W, Liu X, Yu H, Zhang Y, Kuckling D, Adler HJP (2006) A novel highly resilient nanocomposite hydrogel with low hysteresis and ultrahigh elongation. Macromol Rapid Commun 27:1023–1028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu M, Xiong L, Wang T, Liu X, Wang C, Tong Z (2010) High tensibility and pH-responsive swelling of nanocomposite hydrogels containing the positively chargeable 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate monomer. React Funct Polym 70:267–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu L, Liu P, Wang A (2014) High clay-content attapulgite/poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel via surface-initiated redox radical polymerization with modified attapulgite nanorods as initiator and cross-linker. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:2067–2071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Piotr Kuśtrowski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kuśtrowski, P., Natkański, P., Rokicińska, A., Witek, E. (2018). Polymer Hydrogel-Clay (Nano)Composites. In: Thakur, V., Thakur, M. (eds) Polymer Gels. Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6086-1_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics