Abstract
El-Nino is a meteorological/oceanographic phenomenon that occurs at irregular intervals of time (every few years) at low latitudes. El-Nino can be related to an annual weak warm ocean current that runs southward along the coast of Peru and Ecuador about Christmastime. It is characterized by unusually large warming that occurs every few years and changes the local and regional ecology. El-Nino has been linked to climate change anomalies like global warming, etc. The data for this work has been taken from the websites mainly for India (Becker in Impacts of El-Nino and La Niña on the hurricane season, 2014 [1]; Hansen et al. in GISS surface temperature analysis (GISTEMP) NASA goddard institute for space studies, 2017 [2]; Cook in Pacific marine environmental laboratory national oceanic and atmospheric administration, 1999 [3]; Climate Prediction Center—Monitoring & Data [4]; Romm in Climate Deniers’ favorite temperature dataset just confirmed global warming, 2016 [5]; World Bank Group, 2017 [6]; National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds) in The climate data guide: global temperature data sets: overview & comparison table, 2014 [7]; Global Climate Change Data, 1750–2015 [8]). Data have been preprocessed using imputation, F-measure, and maximum likelihood missing value methods. Finally, the prediction has been made about the time of occurrence of the next El-Nino year by using a multiple linear regression algorithm. A comparative analysis has been done on the three approaches used. The work also calculates Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between global warming and temperature change, temperature change and El-Nino, and finally global warming and El-Nino. Performance analysis has been done on the correlation coefficient calculated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Richman, M. B., & Leslie, L. M. (2013). Classification of changes in extreme heat over South eastern Australia. Elsevier Procedia Computer Science, 20, 148–155.
Kaur, P., Singh, M., & Singh Josan, G. (2015). Classification and prediction based data mining algorithms to predict slow learners in education sector. Elsevier Procedia Computer science, 57, 500–508.
Lei, Y., Zhao, D., & Cai, H. (2015). Prediction of length-of-day using extreme learning machine. Elsevier, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 6(2), 151–159.
Stephens, S. A., & Ramsay, D. L. (2014). Extreme cyclone wave climate in the Southwest Pacific Ocean: Influence of the El Niño southern oscillation and projected climate change. Elsevier Procedia Computer Science, 123, 13–26.
Glantz, M. H. (2015). Shades of chaos: Lessons learned about lessons learned about forecasting El Niño and Its Impacts. Springer International Journal Disaster Risk Science, 6, 94–103.
Nerudová, D., & Solilová, V. (2014). Missing data and its impact on the CCCTB determination. Elsevier Procedia Economics and Finance, 12, 462–471.
Li, H., & Yi, G. Y. (2013). A pairwise likelihood approach for longitudinal data with missing observations in both response and covariates. Elsevier Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 68, 66–81.
Becker, E. (2014). Impacts of El Niño and La Niña on the hurricane season. Available at https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/impacts-el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-nB1a-hurricane-season.
Cho, R. (2016). Climate, general earth institute El Niño and global warming—What’s the connection? Available at http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/02/02/el-nino-and-global-warming-whats-the-connection.
El Nino and climate prediction Edit-Design Center edc(at)atmos.washington.edu. Available at https://atmos.washington.edu/gcg/RTN/rtnt.html.
Pattimer. (2015). Global warming and the El Niño Southern oscillation. Available at https://www.skepticalscience.com/el-nino-southern-oscillation.htm.
Shah, A. (2015). Global issues climate change and global warming introduction. Available at http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction#WhatistheGreenhouseEffect.
Dane, S., & Thool, R. C. (2013). Imputation method for missing value estimation of mixed-attribute data sets. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 3(5), 729–734.
Han, J., Kamber, M., & Pie, J. (2011). Data mining concepts and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann series: Elsevier.
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2017). Global surface temperature change. In: GISS surface temperature analysis (GISTEMP) NASA goddard institute for space studies. Available at https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp.
Cook, D. (1999). Pacific marine environmental laboratory national oceanic and atmospheric administration. US Department of Commerce. Available at https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/el_nino-mld/.
Climate Prediction Center—Monitoring & Data. Available at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/.
Romm, J. (2016). Climate deniers’ favorite temperature dataset just confirmed global warming. Available at http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/03/02/3755715/satellites-hottest-february-global-warming/.
World Bank Group. (2017). Available at http://data.worldbank.org/climate-change/.
National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). (2014). The climate data guide: global temperature data sets: Overview & comparison table. Available at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/global-temperature-data-sets-overview-comparison-table.
Global Climate Change Data. (1750–2015). Available at http://www.google.co.in/search=dataset+on+global+warming=dataset+on+deforestation.
Weichenthal, S., Ryswyk, K. V., Goldstein, A., Bagg, S., Shekkarizfard, M., & Hatzopoulou, M. (2016). A land use regression model for ambient ultrafine particles in Montreal, Canada: A comparison of linear regression and a machine learning approach. Elsevier Environmental Research, 146, 65–72.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nitima, M., Jyoti, G., Nisha, B. (2019). Prediction of El-Nino Year and Performance Analysis on the Calculated Correlation Coefficients. In: Kapur, P., Klochkov, Y., Verma, A., Singh, G. (eds) System Performance and Management Analytics. Asset Analytics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7323-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7323-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7322-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7323-6
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)