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Contribution of Gene–Gene and Gene–Environment Interactions to Tobacco Smoking

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Tobacco Smoking Addiction: Epidemiology, Genetics, Mechanisms, and Treatment

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Abstract

Like any other complex trait, tobacco addiction is controlled by multiple genetic factors, with each having a relatively modest effect, and by environmental factors, as well as by both gene–gene (epistatic) and gene–environment interactions. As summarized extensively in other chapters of this book, significant efforts have been made to search for susceptibility genes and variants for addiction to tobacco smoking. However, these approaches are effective only for genes and variants with moderate to significant effects. The ability to identify susceptibility genes for smoking addiction and other psychiatric disorders has been improving but remains considerably limited by the presence of a diverse array of factors such as epistatic interaction, modest marginal contribution, variable expressivity, small samples, and heterogeneities. Among these factors, epistatic and gene–environment interactions are of greatest importance. This chapter provides an update on the methods used to detect epistatic effect and representative examples of detected gene–gene interactions influencing smoking and other addictions.

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  1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Ming D. Li

  2. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Ming D. Li

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Li, M.D. (2018). Contribution of Gene–Gene and Gene–Environment Interactions to Tobacco Smoking. In: Tobacco Smoking Addiction: Epidemiology, Genetics, Mechanisms, and Treatment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7530-8_11

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