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Benefit Sharing Under the REDD+ Mechanism: Implications for Women

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Abstract

This paper examines benefit-sharing under the REDD+ Mechanism, focusing upon implications for women. In particular it will focus upon the competing motivations and constraints that are at play amongst the different networks and stakeholders involved (government, community and international institutions) and how these may manifest themselves in decisions about benefit-sharing claims. It also examines the importance of gender equity in ensuring socially effective REDD+ investments through a discussion of property rights, participation rights and accountability.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Pachauri and Meyer (2014, p. 47).

  2. 2.

    Humphreys (2009, p. 171).

  3. 3.

    UNFCCC.

  4. 4.

    Convention on Biological Diversity.

  5. 5.

    Forest Convention.

  6. 6.

    Mickelson (1996, p. 239).

  7. 7.

    Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol allows parties to take into account the effect of land-use policies and measures into their emission reduction calculations. During the first Kyoto commitment period, Parties were not obliged to report upon the sink and or source emission from land-use change practices, but Parties are required to report upon such activities under the second commitment period of Kyoto.

  8. 8.

    Maguire (2013, p. 125).

  9. 9.

    Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries: Approaches to Stimulate Action, FCCC/CP/2005/MISC.1, 11 November 2005.

  10. 10.

    McDermott (2014, pp. 14–16).

  11. 11.

    Chapman et al. (2015, pp. 103–104).

  12. 12.

    Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, FCCC/CP/2010/Add.1.

  13. 13.

    The UNFCCC has created a booklet on all relevant COP decisions: UNFCCC Secretariat (2016) Key decisions relevant for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD +).

  14. 14.

    Paris Agreement, art. 5.

  15. 15.

    Savaresi (2016, p. 129).

  16. 16.

    Decision 1/CP.16- Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries, Appendix 1, paragraph 2.

  17. 17.

    Agarwal (2009a), Coleman and Mwangi (2013), Hecht (2007), Peach Brown et al. (2011).

  18. 18.

    Sunderland et al. (2014, p. 56).

  19. 19.

    Agarwal (2000, p. 288).

  20. 20.

    Larson et al. (2015).

  21. 21.

    Gurung and Billah Setyowati (2012).

  22. 22.

    Nagoya Protocol.

  23. 23.

    Eggerts (2015).

  24. 24.

    Chapman et al. (2015).

  25. 25.

    Weatherley-Sing and Gupta (2015).

  26. 26.

    Hosonuma (2012).

  27. 27.

    Ibid.

  28. 28.

    Rakatama et al. (2017, p. 104).

  29. 29.

    Ibid.

  30. 30.

    Ibid.

  31. 31.

    Chomba et al. (2016, p. 203).

  32. 32.

    Agarwal (2001).

  33. 33.

    Agarwal (2009a, p. 2786).

  34. 34.

    Ibid.

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Taccoi et al. (2009).

  37. 37.

    Gupta and Siebert (2004, p. 339).

  38. 38.

    Vijge et al. (2016).

  39. 39.

    Ibid, p. 63.

  40. 40.

    Dunlop and Corbera (2016).

  41. 41.

    Ibid, p. 49.

  42. 42.

    Davies and Daviet (2015).

  43. 43.

    Fach and Timilsina (eds) (2011, p. 31).

  44. 44.

    Ibid.

  45. 45.

    Ibid, p.11.

  46. 46.

    Ibid, p. 27.

  47. 47.

    Ibid.

  48. 48.

    Irland (2008, pp. 189–223).

  49. 49.

    Kanowski et al. (2011).

  50. 50.

    Maguire (2013).

  51. 51.

    White and Martin (2002).

  52. 52.

    Sayer et al. (2008).

  53. 53.

    Rose (1986, p. 712).

  54. 54.

    Torpey-Saboe et al. (2015).

  55. 55.

    Larson (2011, p. 541).

  56. 56.

    Ibid, p. 544.

  57. 57.

    Duncan and Ping (2001).

  58. 58.

    Larson et al. (2013).

  59. 59.

    Ibid, p. 679.

  60. 60.

    Ibid, p. 687.

  61. 61.

    Keene and Ginsburg (2017, p. 13).

  62. 62.

    Ibid.

  63. 63.

    Ibid.

  64. 64.

    Ibid, pp. 18–19.

  65. 65.

    Ibid, p. 19.

  66. 66.

    Ibid.

  67. 67.

    Ibid, p. 47.

  68. 68.

    Ibid, p. 52.

  69. 69.

    Sunderlin et al. (2013, p. 43).

  70. 70.

    Torpey-Saboe et al. (2015, p. 416).

  71. 71.

    Agarwal (2010).

  72. 72.

    Ibid.

  73. 73.

    The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (Decision 1/CP.16) FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1.

  74. 74.

    Subsidiary Body for Implementation (2015) Report on the in-session workshop on gender-responsive climate policy with a focus on mitigation action and technology development and transfer FCCC/SBI/2015/12; Subsidiary Body for Implementation (2016) In-session workshop on gender-responsive climate policy with a focus on adaptation, capacity-building and training for delegates on gender issues’ FCCC/SBI/2016/10, Annex.

  75. 75.

    Decision 18/CP.20, Lima work Programme on gender, FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.3. For an overview of women and representation in the UNFCCC, also see Maguire and Lewis (2018).

  76. 76.

    Decision 18/CP.20, Lima work Programme on gender, [2] and [4].

  77. 77.

    Subsidiary Body for Implementation (2017) Informal summary report on the Subsidiary Body for Implementation in-session workshop to develop possible elements of the gender action plan under the UNFCCC ‘Forty-sixth session, Bonn, Germany, 8-18 May 2017.

  78. 78.

    Decision CP.23, Establishment of a gender action plan (2017).

  79. 79.

    Colemen and Mwangi (2013, pp. 193–194).

  80. 80.

    Agarwal (2015, pp. 3–4).

  81. 81.

    Coleman and Mwangi (2013, pp. 193–194).

  82. 82.

    Ibid, p. 201.

  83. 83.

    Agarwal (2009b).

  84. 84.

    Ibid, p. 2301.

  85. 85.

    Ibid, p. 2306.

  86. 86.

    Ibid.

  87. 87.

    Decision CP.23, Establishment of a gender action plan.

  88. 88.

    Eggerts (2015, p. 278).

  89. 89.

    Coleman and Mwangi (2013), Agarwal (2001).

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  1. Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

    Rowena Maguire

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Correspondence to Rowena Maguire .

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  1. Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

    Matthew Rimmer

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Maguire, R. (2018). Benefit Sharing Under the REDD+ Mechanism: Implications for Women. In: Rimmer, M. (eds) Intellectual Property and Clean Energy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2155-9_22

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