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Epigenetic Basis of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Shift in Focus from Genetic Prerogative

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Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease

Abstract

Hyperglycemia-induced excessive superoxide production is the single unifying link to development and progression of diabetes micro- and macrovascular complications. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems, inter alia, are recognized as both antecedent and consequent factors in the development of major diabetic complications like diabetic coronary atherosclerosis. The attendant cellular sequelae of exacerbated oxidative stress in diabetic and coronary atherosclerotic milieu are entrenched in canonical epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications. They alter the chromatin accessibility to the transcriptional network and steer the transcriptional programs to invoke atherogenic and inflammatory phenotype in distinct cell types. They also act as portals for propagation of the effects of ‘hyperglycemic or metabolic memory’ or the ‘legacy effect’. This chapter presents an update on the contribution of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress both singly and in connivance to accelerated development of coronary atherosclerosis through epigenetic modalities. Such a conceptual understanding would enable the identification of plausible therapeutic strategies for alleviating the burden of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis that is compounded by a formidable challenge posed by metabolic memory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    Parimala Narne

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  1. Parimala Narne
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

  3. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India

    Madhu Dikshit

  4. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India

    Nirmal K. Ganguly

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Narne, P. (2019). Epigenetic Basis of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Shift in Focus from Genetic Prerogative. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N., Dikshit, M., Ganguly, N. (eds) Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8946-7_18

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