Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Signal Processing Applications of Charge-Coupled Devices

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Topics in Signal Processing

  • 988 Accesses

Abstract

The charge-coupled device, first disclosed in the Bell System Technical Journal in 1970, is an analog, sampled data delay line and has made a significant impact in the field of signal processing. In this chapter, a brief introduction to the device is followed by the considerations, which make it so important and convenient in signal processing applications. A number of specific applications are outlined and their advantages and limitations are briefly discussed. In particular, the effect of the most important limiting factor, namely, charge-transfer inefficiency is discussed in some detail and several methods of compensation are outlined. The chapter concludes with an indication of the work being done at IIT Delhi on the various aspects relating to theory, fabrication and signal processing applications of the device.

Source: S.C. Dutta Roy, A.B. Bhattacharyya, J.M. Vasi, L. Sankaranarayanan and Navin Kapur, “Signal Processing Application of Charge Coupled Devices,” JIETE, vol 24, pp 400–418, October–November 1978.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J.M.L. Janssen, Discontinuous low-frequency delay line with continuously-variable delay. Nature 169, 148–149 (1952)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Kraus, Analog Speicherketle: Eine neuartige Schaltung zum Speichem und Verzoegern von Signalen. Electron. Lett. 3, 544–546 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. F.L.J. Sangster, The bucket brigade delay line, a shift register for analog signals. Philips Tech. Rev. 31, 97–110 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  4. W.S. Boyle, G.E. Smith, Charge-coupled semiconductor devices. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 49, 587–593 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M.F. Tompsett, G.F. Amelio, G.E. Smith, Charge coupled 8-bit shift register. Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 111–115 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M.F. Tompsett, W.J. Bertram, D.A. Sealer, C.H. Sequin, Charge-coupling improves its image, challenging video camera tubes. Electronics 46, 162–168 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  7. M.F. Tompsett, G.F. Amelio, W.J. Bertram, R.R. Buckley, W.J. Mc Namara, J.C. Mickelsen, D.A. Sealer, Charge-coupled imaging devices: experimental results. IEEE Trans. ED-18, 992–996 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  8. L.J.M. Esser, The peristaltic charge-coupled device for high speed charge transfer. ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers 28–29 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.P. Singh, D.R. Lamb, P.C.T. Roberts, Effect of signal and fat zero size on the performance of 3-phase CCD shift registers. Proc. IEE. 122, 693–696 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  10. C.K. Kim, M. Lenzlinger, Charge-transfer in charge-coupled devices. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 3586–3594 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J.E. Carnes, W.F. Kosonocky, Fast interface state losses in charge-coupled devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 261–263 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M.F. Tompsett, The quantitative effects of interface states on the performance of charge-coupled devices. IEEE Trans. ED-20, 45–55 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.E. Carnes, W.F. Kosonocky, E.G. Ramberg, Drift-aiding fringing fields in charge-coupled devices. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits SC-6, 322–326 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  14. R.J. Strain, N.L. Shryer, A nonlinear diffusion analysis of charge-coupled device transfer. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 1721–1740 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L.G. Heller, W.H. Chang, A.W. Lo, A model of charge transfer in bucket-brigade and charge-coupled devices. IBM J. Res. Dev. 16, 184–187 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. H.S. Lee, L.G. Heller, Charge-control method of charge-coupled device-transfer analysis. IEEE Trans. ED-19, 1270–1279 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  17. W.F. Kosononocky, J.E. Carses, Two-phase charge coupled devices with overlapping polysilicon and aluminium gates. RCA Rev. 34, 164–202 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  18. M.A. White, D.R. Lampe, F.C. Blaha, I.A. Mack, Characterisation of surface channel CCD image arrays at low light levels. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-9, 1-D (See also Ref. 18 for correlated double sampling.) (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  19. R.W. Broderson, S.P. Emmons, Noise in buried channel charge-coupled devices. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits SC-11, 147–155 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  20. D.D. Wen, Design and operation of a floating-gate amplifier. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits SC-9, 410–414 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  21. G.F. Vanstosf, J.B.G. Roberts, A.E. Long, The measurement of the charge residual for C. C. D. transfer using frequency and impulse responses. Solid-State Electron. 17, 889–895 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M.F. Tompsett, B.B. Kosicki, D. Kahg, Measurements of transfer inefficiency of 250-element undercut isolated charge-coupled devices. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 1–7 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R.W. Broderson, D.D. Buss, A.F. Tasch Jr., Experimental characterisation of transfer efficiency in charge-coupled devices. IEEE Trans. ED-22, 40–46 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  24. P.A. Levine, Measurement of transfer efficiency by use of feedback to increase the effective number of transfers. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-8, 104–108 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S.C. Dutta Roy, V.G. Das, Pre-distortion technique for the measurement of transfer inefficiency of charge transfer devices. Proc. IEEE 66, 601–602 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J.M. Caywood, D.D. Buss, Frequency response of a multiplexed charge-transfer delay line. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-9, 310–311 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.C. Dutta Roy, On the frequency response of a multiplexed charge-transfer delay line. Electron. Lett. 12(7), 280–281 (1976). Erratum in 12, 391 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  28. R.C. Tozer, G.S. Honson, Reduction of high-level nonlinear smearing in C.C.D.s. Electron. Lett. 12, 355–356 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  29. D.C. Cooper, E.H. Darlington, S.M. Pettord, J.B.G. Roberts, Reducing the effect of charge-transfer inefficiency in a C.C.D. video integrator. Electron. Lett. 11, 384–385 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. Mavor, M.C. Davie, P.B. Denyer, Techniques for increasing the effective charge-transfer efficiency of tapped C. C. D. registers. Electron. Lett. 13, 31–33 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L. Boonstra, F.I.J. Sangster, Progress on bucket brigade charge-transfer devices. ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers 15, 140–144 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  32. K.K. Thorbner, Optimum linear filtering for charge transfer devices. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-9, 285–291 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  33. S.C. Dutta Roy, R.K. Arora, Exact circuit design using inefficient C.T.D.s. Electron. Lett. 12, 18–19 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  34. S.C. Durra Roy, V.G. Das, On exact compensation of transfer inefficiency in a charge-transfer delay line. Electron. Lett. 14, 115–116 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  35. H.E. Kallman, Transversal filters. Proc. IRE 7, 302–310 (1940)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. D.D. Buss, D.R. Collins, W.H. Bailey, C.R. Reeves, Transversal filtering using charge-transfer devices. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-8, 138–146 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  37. R.D. Baertsch, W.E. Engeler, H.S. Goldberg, C.M. Puckbite, J.J. Tiemnn, The design and operation of practical charge-transfer transversal filters. IEEE Trans. ED-23, 133–141 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  38. A.A. Ibrahim, G.J. Hupe, L.P. Sellars, Multiple filter characteristics using a single CCD structure, in Proceedings of the 1975 International Conference on the Applications of Charge Coupled Devices, October (1975), pp. 245–249

    Google Scholar 

  39. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, J.D. Holmes, L.R. Hitb, Charge transfer device transversal filters for communication systems. Microelectronics 7, 46–53 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  40. D.D. Buss, R.W. Brodbrsen, C.R. Hewes, A.F. Tasch Jr., Communication applications of CCD transversal filters. IEEE Natl. Telecom. Conf. Rec. 1, 1–5 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  41. D.D. Buss, C.R. Reeves, W.H. Bailey, D.R. Collins, Charge-transfer devices in frequency filtering, in Proceedings of the 26th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control, June (1972), pp. 171–179

    Google Scholar 

  42. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, Applications of charge transfer devices to communications, in Proceedings of the CCD Applications Conference, San Diego, September (1973), pp. 83–93

    Google Scholar 

  43. G.P. Weckler, A tapped analog-delay for sampled-data signal processing-PETICON Application Note No. 105 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  44. R.W. Brodersen, C.R. Hewes, D.D. Buss, Spectral filtering and Fourier analysis using CCD’s, in Presented at IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Massachusetts, April (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  45. A.A. Ibrahim, L. Sellars, CCD’s for transversal filter applications, in Technical Digest on IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, Washington, December (1974), pp. 240–243

    Google Scholar 

  46. T. Foxall, A.A. Ibrahim, G.J. Hupe, Double-split electrode transversal filter. Electron. Lett. 13, 323–324 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. P.B. Denyer, J. Mavor, Design of CCD delay lines with floating-gate taps. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit 1, 121–129 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. Mavor, P.B. Denyer, Design and development of CCD programmable transversal filters. IEE J. Electron. Circuits Syst. 2, 1–8 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. A.O. Oppenhcim, R.W. Schafer, Digital Signal Processing (Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  50. C.R. Hewes, R.W. Brodbrsen, D.D. Buss, Frequency filtering using change-coupled devices, in Proceedings of 29th Annual Frequency Control Symposium, May (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  51. R.W. Brodersen, C.R. Hewes, D.D. Buss, A 500-stage CCD transversal filter for spectral analysis. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-11, 75–83 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  52. D.R. Collins, W.H. Bailey, W.M. Gosney, D.D. Buss, Charge-coupled device analog matched filters. Electron. Lett. 8, 328–329 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. A. Chowaniec, G.S. Hobson, A wide-band quadrature phasing system using charge-transfer devices. Solid-State Electron. 19, 201–207 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. R.D. Melen, J.D. Schott, J.T. Walker, J.D. Meindl, CCD dynamically focussed lenses for ultrasonic imaging systems, in Proceedings of CCD (1975), pp. 165–171

    Google Scholar 

  55. J. Carver, G.S. Hobson, Interference rejection filter using charge-coupled devices. Electron. Lett. 13, 732–733 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. J.W. Arthur, J. Mavor, C.F.N. Cowan, Novel linear regression analyser using analog CCD. Electron. Lett. 13, 751–753 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. T.P. Pulford, A.H. James, Radar display system using CCD for time expansion. Electron. Lett. 13, 700–701 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. F.L.J. Sangster, K. Teer, Bucket-brigade electronics-new possibilities for delay, time-axis conversion and scanning. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-4, 131–136 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  59. T.A. Zimmerman, C.S. Miller, The application of charge-coupled devices to digital-signal processing, in International Communications Conference, San Franscisco, June (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  60. D.A. Scaler, C.H. Sequin, A.M. Mohsen, M.F. Tompsett, Design and characterisation of charge coupled devices for analog signal processing, in International Communications Conference, San Franscisco, June (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  61. A Programmable Binary-Analog Correlator-Reticon Application Note No. 106

    Google Scholar 

  62. G.S. Hobson, Charge-coupled devices. Proc. IEE 124, 925–945 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  63. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, A.F. Tash Jr., Signal processing applications of charge-coupled devices, in Proceedings of CCD 1974 Conference (University of Edinburgh, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  64. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, D.R. Collins, Analysis and applications of analog CCD circuits, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuit Theory, Toronto, April (1973), pp. 3–7

    Google Scholar 

  65. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, R.W. Broderson, C.R. Hewes, Signal processing applications of charge coupled devices. 1974 WESCON Professional Program, Session 2 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  66. J.A. Sekula, P.R. Prince, C.S. Wank, Non-recursive matched filters using charge-coupled devices, in Technical Digest on IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, Washington, December (1974), pp. 244–247

    Google Scholar 

  67. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, L.R. Hite, Spread-spectrum communications using charge transfer devices, in Proceedings of 1973 Symposium on Spread Spectrum Communications, San Diego, California, March (1973), pp. 83–92

    Google Scholar 

  68. J.E. Cooley, J.W. Tukey, An algorithm for the machine computation of complex fourier series. Math. Comput. 19, 297–301 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. L.I. Bluestein, A linear filtering approach to the computation of the discrete fourier transform. NEREM Rec. 218–219 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  70. B. Wardrop, E. Bull, A discrete fourier transform processor using charge-coupled devices. Marconi Rev. 40, 204 (First Quarter) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  71. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Special Issue on Analog Circuits, SC-12 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  72. M.A. Jack, D.G. Park, P.M. Grant, CCD spectrum analyser using prime transform algorithm. Electron. Lett. 13, 431–432 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. L.R. Rabiner, R.W. Schaffer, C.M. Radar, The chirp-Z-transform algorithm and its application. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 1249–1292 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  74. D.D. Buss, R.L. Yeenkant, R.W. Brodersen, C.R. Hewes, Comparison between the CCD CZT and the digital FFT, in Proceedings of CCD, 1975, San Diego, October (1975), pp. 267–281

    Google Scholar 

  75. J.S. Seeks, J.D. Jackson, G.R. Adams, Spectrum analysis with a CCD delay line. Electron. Lett. 13, 738–739 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. J.H. Mcclellan, T.W. Parks, L.R. Rabiner, A computer program for designing optimum FIR linear phase digital filters. IEEE Trans. AU-21, 506–526 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  77. W.J. Butler, W.E. Engeler, H.S. Goldberg, C.M. Pucketie, H. Lobenstein, Charge transfer analog memories for radar and ECM systems. IEEE Trans. ED-23, 161–168 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  78. W.J. Butler, C.M. Puckett, N.C. Giltinger, An experimental TV ghost suppressor circuit using charge transfer devices. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-10, 247–249 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  79. J.B.G. Roberts, E. James, K.A. Roche, Moving target indicator recursive radar filter using bucket brigade devices. Electron. Lett. 9, 89–90 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. J.E. Bounden, M.J. Tomlinson, CCD Chebyshev filter for radar MTI applications. Electron. Lett. 10, 89–90 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. J.B.G. Roberts, R. James, D.V. Mccaughan, R.F. Simons, A processor for pulse-doppler radar. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-11, 100–104 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  82. D.D. Buss, W.H. Bailey, M.M. Whatley, R.G. Brodersen, Application of CCDs to radar signal processing, in Northeast Electronics Research and Engineering Meeting, Part 4 (1974), pp. 83–98

    Google Scholar 

  83. B. Wardrop, E. Bull, Application of CCD to MTI filters. Marconi Rev. (Fourth Quarter) (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  84. D.F. Barbe, W.D. Baker, K.L. Davis, Signal processing with charge-coupled devices. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits SC-13, 34–51 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  85. R.A. Haken, J.D.E. Beynon, I.M. Baker, P.C.T. Roberts, Charge-coupled structures with self-aligned sub-micron gaps. IEEE Trans. ED-22, 289–293 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Suhash Chandra Dutta Roy

Authors
  1. Suhash Chandra Dutta Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suhash Chandra Dutta Roy .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dutta Roy, S.C. (2020). Signal Processing Applications of Charge-Coupled Devices. In: Topics in Signal Processing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9532-1_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9532-1_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9531-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9532-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation