Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Manufacturing and Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Added Co–30Cr–4Mo Metal Alloy for Orthopaedic Biomaterials

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration

Part of the book series: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials ((MHFNN))

Abstract

Cobalt–chromium-based alloys are widespread materials used in medical industry. Despite their success in many applications, some problems such as mechanical strength and electrochemical corrosion resistance still persist. To avoid these, the constituents of Co–Cr–Mo alloy should be formulated with accurate proportions. In the present study, therefore, a series of biomedical alloys containing different amounts of nickel were manufactured by induction furnace. Thereafter, the sample specimens were sized via wire EDM cutting as per ASTM standard dimensions. The saline solution was used as corrosion medium. The weight percentages of nickel were in the range of 0–4 wt% in the base alloy (Co–30Cr–4Mo). Micro-hardness tester and potentiodynamic scan method was utilized to evaluate the hardness and corrosion resistance under various conditions. The corrosion characteristics were examined in terms of Ecorr (corrosion potential) and icorr (corrosion current density). The results showed that the addition of nickel in the base matrix (i.e. Co–30Cr–4Mo) the corrosion resistance increases with the increase of nickel content. The obtained findings indicate that the addition of nickel in the base matrix improved the properties of orthopaedic materials and can be used in clinical applications specifically hip/knee implants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bhat SV (2005) Biomaterials, 2nd edn. Alpha Science International Ltd., Harrow

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alvarado J, Maldonado R, Marxuach J, Otero R (2003) Biomechanics of hip and knee prostheses. Applications of engineering mechanics in medicine. GED—University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, pp 6–22

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bains PS, Mahajan R, Sidhu SS, Kaur S (2019) Experimental investigation of abrasive assisted hybrid EDM of Ti-6Al-4V. J Micromanuf. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516598419833498

  4. Long M, Rack HJ (1998) Titanium alloys in total joint replacement-a materials science perspective. Biomater 19:1621–1639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Holzwarth U, Cotogno G (2012) Total hip arthroplasty. JRC Sci Policy rep. https://doi.org/10.2788/31286

  6. Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2016) Cobalt based alloy: a better choice biomaterial for hip implants. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 30(1):50–55

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cales B (2000) Zirconia as a sliding material-Histologic, laboratory, and clinical data. Clin Orthop Relat Res 379:94–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2016) Current and future biocompatibility aspects of biomaterials for hip prosthesis. J Bioeng 3(1):1–22

    Google Scholar 

  9. Aherwar A, Singh A, Patnaik A (2018) A study on mechanical behavior and wear performance of a metal-metal Co-30Cr biomedical alloy with different molybdenum addition and optimized using Taguchi experimental design. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 40:213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mirhosseini N, Crouse PL, Schmidth MJJ, Garrod D (2007) Laser surface micro-texturing of Ti–6Al–4V substrates for improved cell integration. Appl Surf Scie 253(19):7738–7743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lewandowska-Szumiel M, Komender J, Chlopek J (1999) Interaction between carbon composites and bone after intrabone implantation. J Biomed Mater Res 48:289–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Chang FK, Perez JL, Davidson JA (1990) Stiffness and strength tailoring of a hip prosthesis made of advanced composite materials. J Biomed Mater Res 24:873–899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kauser F (2007) Corrosion of CoCrMo alloys for biomedical applications. University Birmingham, Metall Mater Sch Eng, pp 4–285

    Google Scholar 

  14. McMinn D, Daniel J (2006) History and modern concepts in surface replacement. Proc IMechE Part H: J Eng Med 220:239–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nomura N, Abe M, Kawamura A, Fujinuma S, Chiba A, Masahashi N, Hanada S (2006) Fabrication and mechanical properties of porous Co–Cr–Mo alloy compacts without Ni addition. Mater Trans 47(2):283–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bhui AS, Singh G, Sidhu SS, Bains PS (2018) Experimental investigation of optimal ED machining parameters for Ti-6Al-4V biomaterial. FU Mech Eng 16(3):337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Krasicka-Cydzik E, Oksiuta Z, Dabrowski J (2005) Corrosion testing of sintered samples made of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy for surgical applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 16(3):197–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Afolaranmi GA, Akbar M, Brewer J, Grant MH (2012) Distribution of metal released from cobalt–chromium alloy orthopaedic wear particles implanted into air pouches in mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 100(6):1529–1538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Moghaddam NS, Andani MT, Amerinatanzi A, Haberland C, Huff S, Miller M, Elahinia M, Dean D (2016) Metals for bone implants: safety, design, and efficacy. Biomanuf Rev 1:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bains PS, Grewal JS, Sidhu SS, Kaur S (2017) Wear between ring and traveler: a pin-on-disc mapping of various detonation gun sprayed coatings. Mater Today Proc 4(2):369–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rodrigues WC, Broilo LR, Schaeffer L, Knornschild G, Romel F, Espinoza M (2011) Powder metallurgical processing of Co-28% Cr-6% Mo for dental implants: Physical, mechanical and electrochemical properties. Powder Technol 206(3):233–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bahraminasab M, Hassan MR, Sahari BB (2010) Metallic biomaterials of knee and hip- a review. Trends Biomater Artif Organs 24(1):69–82

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hedberg Y, Wallinder IO (2014) Metal release and speciation of released chromium from a biomedical CoCrMo alloy into simulated physiologically relevant solutions. J Biomed Mater Res-Part B Appl Biomater 102(4):693–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Panigrahi P, Liao Y, Mathew MT, Fischer A, Wimmer MA, Jacobs JJ, Marks LD (2014) Intergranular pitting corrosion of CoCrMo biomedical implant alloy. J Biomed Mater Res- Part B Appl Biomater 102(4):850–859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kose N (2016) Biological response to orthopedic implants and biomaterials. In: Korkusuz FE (ed) Musculoskeletal res basic Sci. Springer, pp 3–14

    Google Scholar 

  26. Thakur RR, Ast MP, McGraw M, Bostrom MP, Rodriguez JA, Parks ML (2013) Severe persistent synovitis after cobalt–chromium total knee arthroplasty requiring revision. Orthop 36(4):e520–e524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cadossi M, Mazzotti A, Baldini N, Gianini S, Savarino L (2016) New couplings, old problems: is there a role for ceramic-on-metal hip arthroplasty? J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 104(1):204–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ratner BD, Bankman I (2009) Biomedical engineering desk reference. Acad Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  29. Montero-Ocampo C, Juarez R, Salinas-Rodriguez A (2007) Effect of FCC-HCP phase transformation produced by isothermal aging on the corrosion resistance of a Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 33:2229–2235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Patel B, Inam F, Reece M, Edirisinghe M, Bonfield W, Huang J, Angadji A (2010) A novel route for processing cobalt–chromium–molybdenum orthopaedic alloys. J R Soc Interface 7:1641–1645

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rosenthal R, Cardoso BR, Bott IS, Paranhos RPR, Carvalho EA (2010) Phase characterization in as-cast F-75 Co–Cr–Mo–C alloy. J Mater Sci 45:4021–4028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. ASTM F1537 (2000) Standard specification for wrought cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum alloys for surgical implants. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM Int

    Google Scholar 

  33. ASTM F75 (2014) Standard specification for cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum alloy castings and casting alloy for surgical implants (UNS R30075). ASTM Int, Annual Book of Standards, West Conshohocken

    Google Scholar 

  34. Savas T, Alemdag Y (2010) Effect of nickel additions on the mechanical and sliding wear properties of Al–40Zn–3Cu alloy. Wear 268:565–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Choudhury P, Das S, Datta BK (2002) Effect of Ni on the wear behaviour of a zinc-aluminium alloy. J Mater Sci 37:2103–2107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Basavarajappa S, Arun KV, Davim JP (2009) Effect of filler materials on dry sliding wear behavior of polymer matrix composites. J Min Mat Charact Eng 8(5):379–391

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, 474005, India

    Amit Aherwar

Authors
  1. Amit Aherwar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amit Aherwar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India

    Preetkanwal Singh Bains

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India

    Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu

  3. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Marjan Bahraminasab

  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Chander Prakash

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Aherwar, A. (2019). Manufacturing and Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Added Co–30Cr–4Mo Metal Alloy for Orthopaedic Biomaterials. In: Bains, P., Sidhu, S., Bahraminasab, M., Prakash, C. (eds) Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration . Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9977-0_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation