Skip to main content

Designing a New Water Future for Israelis and Palestinians

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Transboundary Water Issues in Israel, Palestine, and the Jordan River Basin

Abstract

This chapter begins with what a brief description of water management and water governance in each Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, as well as a review of non-governmental and of private organizations involved with water management in the region. It then shifts attention toward a new approach for managing and governing shared water both from a conceptual perspective and then from a specific approach known as the EcoPeace Proposal, which could be applied now, in advance of a Final Status Agreement between Israel and Palestine. It is no surprise that such a proposal has come in for review and critique, the most important of which are presented and then critiqued in this chapter.

… it is safe to suggest that the number of words written about water in the IsraeliArab context, per unit of water, is significantly higher than for any other water conflict.

Feitelson (2017, p. 15)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As will also be detailed in Annex B, David Brooks, principal author of this book, attended most of the meetings of both the Environment and the Water Resources Working Group as technical support to diplomats from Canada’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  2. 2.

    Water Authority, Long-term Master Plan for the Water Sector: Part 1—Policy Paper, 4th Edition, August 2012 [Hebrew].

  3. 3.

    https://www.timesofisrael.com/plan-to-pump-desalinated-water-to-sea-of-galilee-may-open-diplomatic-floodgates/.

  4. 4.

    http://www.pwa.ps/page.aspx?id=mV69sHa1941576120amV69sH.

  5. 5.

    http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/minister-hails-desalination-strategic-solution-water-scarcity-problem.

  6. 6.

    http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/never-waste-a-good-water-crisis/

    OECD (21 March 2019) by Guillaume Grure.

  7. 7.

    We wish to thank Robin Twite of the Arava Institute at Kibbutz Ketura for assistance with the material on non-governmental organizations.

  8. 8.

    See the film Sea, Sun, and Peace? by an American reporter named Naomi Zeveloff that came out in 2019.

  9. 9.

    http://www.civilsociety-jo.net/en/organizations/12/environmental-organizations.

  10. 10.

    This subsection focuses on the role of the private sector in agriculture and agribusiness. For a broader review of the private sector in Palestine, see Khalidi et al (2019).

  11. 11.

    https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/MEP_programsandprojects.pdf.

  12. 12.

    https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/.premium-in-bahrain-air-of-israeli-arab-normalization-and-a-message-to-iran-1.7410754.

References

  • Alatout ST (2007) From water abundance to water scarcity (1936–1959): A “fluid” history of Jewish subjectivity in historic Palestine and Israel. In: Sandy Sufian S, LeVine M (eds) Reapproaching borders: new perspectives on the study of Israel-Palestine. Bowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD, USA, pp 199–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Alatout ST (2008) Locating the fragments of the state and their limits: water policymaking In Israel during the 1950s. Israel Policy Forum 25(1):40–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Assaf K, Al Khatib N, Kally H, Shuval H (1993) A proposal for the development of a regional water master plan—prepared by a joint Israeli-Palestinian Team. Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information, Jerusalem

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont P (2002) Water policies for the Middle East in the 21st Century: the new economic realities. Int J Water Resour Dev 18(2):315–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas A, Tortajada C (2005) Appraising sustainable development: water management and environmental challenges. Oxford University Press, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouillon ME (2004) The peace business: money and power in the Palestine-Israel conflict. I. B. Tauris, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes OM, Curran D (2016) Changing currents: a case study in the evolution of water law in western Canada. In: Renzetti S, Dupont DP (eds) Water policy and governance in Canada. Springer, New York, pp 45–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DB (2006) An operational definition of water demand management. Int J Water Resour Dev 22(4):521–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DB, Trottier J (2012) An agreement to share water between Israelis and Palestinians: the FoEME Proposal—revised version. Friends of the Earth Middle East, Amman, Bethlehem and Tel Aviv

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks DB, Thompson L, El Fattal L (2007) Water demand management in the Middle East and North Africa: observations from the IDRC forums and lessons for the future. Water Int 32(2):193–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coskum BB (2009) Cooperation over water resources as a tool for desecuritisation: The Israeli-Palestinian environmental NGOs as desecuritising actors. Eur J Econ Polit Stud 2(2):97–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinar A, Tsur Y (eds) (2017) Management of transboundary water resources under scarcity. World Scientific, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbayar K (2005) Middle East NGO laws in selected Arab states. Int J Not-for-Profit Law 7(4):3–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E (2013) The four eras of Israeli water policies. In: Becker N (ed) Water policy in Israel: context, issues and options. Springer, Dodrecht, Netherlands, pp 15–32

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E, Haddad M (eds) (2000) Management of shared groundwater resources: The Israeli-Palestinian Case with an international perspective. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, and Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E, Fischhendler I (2006) Politics and Institutions for groundwater management in a system-wide context. In: Presentation at the international symposium on groundwater sustainability, Alicante, Spain (January)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E, Haddad M (1998a) Identification of joint management structures for shared aquifers: a cooperative Palestinian-Israeli effort. World Bank technical paper No. 415. World Bank, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E, Haddad M (1998b) A stepwise open-ended approach to the identification of joint management structures for shared aquifers (Israel and Palestinian Authority). Water Int 23(4):227–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feitelson E, Tamimi A, Rosenthal G (2012) Climate change and security in the Israeli-Palestinian context. J Peace Research 49(1):241–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischhendler I (2015) The securitization of water discourse: theoretical foundations, research gaps and objectives of the special issue. Int Environ Agreements: Polit Law Econ 15(3):245–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleck J (2016) Water is for fighting over, and other myths about water in the West. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2008) Climate change: implications for agriculture in the Near East. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Middle East. In: Report for 29th FAO regional conference for the Near East (NERC/08/INF/5), Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Freimuth L, Bromberg G, Meyher M, Al-Khatib N (2007) Climate change: a new threat to Middle East security. Friends of the Earth Middle East, Amman, Bethlehem and Tel Aviv

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge Y Li X, Cai X et al (2018) Converting UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) to decision-making objectives and implementation options at the river basin scale. Sustainability 10(4):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grover VI, Krantzberg G (2015) Transboundary water management: lessons from North America. Water Int 48(1):183–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haasnoot M, Middlekoop H, Offersmans A, van Beek E, van Deursen WPA (2012) Exploring pathways for sustainable water management in river deltas in a changing environment. Clim Change 115(3–4):795–819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haddadin MJ (2002) Water in the Middle East peace process. Geogr J 168(4):324–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humpel D El-Naser H Irani K, Sitton J, Renshaw K, GleitsmanB (2012) A review of water policies in Jordan and recommendations for strategic priorities. USAID/Jordan/WRE

    Google Scholar 

  • Inga C (ed) (2019) Climate change, water security, and national security for Jordan, Palestine, and Israel. EcoPeace Middle East, Amman, Ramallah, Tel Aviv

    Google Scholar 

  • Jägerskog A (2003) Why states cooperate over shared water: the water negotiations in the Jordan River basin. Department of Water and Environmental Studies, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • Karakaya M (2019) The failure of the NGO’s for democratization: Egypt, Palestine & Jordan. Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, Term Paper for Society in the Modern Middle East, Ankara, Turkey

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay P, Mitchell B (2000) Measuring sustainability in Israel’s water system. Water Int 25(4):617–623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalidi R, Daya W, Hashash AA, Jabareen A (2019) Political economy analysis of the Palestinian private sector. Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliot N, Shmueli D (1998) Real and ideal institutional frameworks for managing the common Arab-Israeli water resources. Water Int 23(4):216–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lautze J, Kirshen P (2009) Water allocation, climate change, and sustainable water use: the Palestinian position. Water Int 34(2):189–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lautze J, Reeves M, Vega R, Kirshen P (2005) Water allocation, climate change, and sustainable peace: the Israeli proposal. Water Int 30(2):197–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libiszewski S (1995) Water disputes in the Jordan basin region and their role in the resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, and Swiss Peace Foundation, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Linton J (2010) What is water? The history of a modern abstraction. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Lithwick H (2000) Evaluating water balances in Israel. In: Brooks DB, Mehment O (eds) Water balances in the eastern Mediterranean. IDRC Books, Ottawa, pp 29–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Loehman E, Becker N (2006) Cooperation in a hydro-geologic commons: new institutions and pricing to achieve sustainability and security. Int J Water Resour Dev 2(4):603–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonergan SC, Brooks DB (1994) Watershed: the role of fresh water in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Medzini A, Wolf AT (2004) Towards a Middle East at peace: hidden issues in Arab-Israeli hydropolitics. Int J Water Resour Dev 20(2):193–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Megdal SB, Varady RG, Eden S (eds) (2013) Shared borders, shared waters: Israeli-Palestinian and Colorado River basin water challenges. CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Nour R, Al-Saidi M (2018) Regulation reform process and perception in the Palestinian water sector. Water Int 43(7):908–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peralta RC, Luck AH, Hagan R (2011) Strategic optimization for implementing the Jordanian National Water Master Plan. Water Int 36(3):295–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal G, Katz D (2010) An economic analysis of policy options for water conservation in Israel. Kivun Consulting, Tel Aviv

    Google Scholar 

  • Sa’ed RA (2010) A policy framework for trans-boundary waste-water Issues along the Green Line, The Israeli-Palestinian border. Int J Environ Stud 67(6):937–954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salameh E (1990) Jordan’s water resources: development and future prospects. J American-Arab Affairs 33:69–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuval HI (1995) Towards resolving conflicts over water between Israel and its neighbours: the Israeli-Palestinian shared use of the Mountain Aquifer as a case study. Israel Aff 2(1):215–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuval HI (2011) Comments on “Confronting water in the Israel-Palestinian peace agreement” by David Brooks and Julie Trottier. J Hydrology 397:146–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Söderbaum P (2005) Actors, problem perceptions, strategies for sustainable development. Water policy in relation to paradigms, ideologies, and institutions. In: Biswas AK, Tortajada C (eds) Appraising sustainable development: water management and environmental challenges. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 81–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Söderbaum P (2009) Science, politics and water management for sustainability: economics as example. Water Int 34(4):432–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sowers J, Vengosh A, Weinthal E (2011) Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa. Clim Change 104(3–4):599–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staddon C, Scott CA (2018) Putting water security to work: addressing global challenges. Water Int 43(8):1017–1025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian A, Brown B, Wolf A (2012) Reaching across the waters: facing the risks of cooperation in international waters. In: Water papers. The World Bank, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Tal A (2006) Seeking sustainability: Israel’s evolving water management strategy. Science 313(5790):1081–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J (1999) Hydropolitics in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. PASSIA Publications, Jerusalem

    Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J (2007) A wall, water and power: The Israeli separation fence. Rev Int Stud 33(1):105–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J (2008) Water crises: political construction or physical reality? Contemp Polit 14(2):197–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J (2013) The social construction of water management at the intersection of international conflict: the case of Al Auja. Eurorient 44:161–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J (2019) Palestinian water management—policies and pitfalls. PASSIA Bulletin, Jerusalem

    Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J, Brooks DB (2013) Academic tribes and transboundary water management: water in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. Sci Diplomacy 2:2

    Google Scholar 

  • Trottier J, Rondier A, Perrier J (2019) Palestinians and donors playing with fire: 25 years of water projects in the West Bank. Int J Water Resour Dev. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1617679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers A (2001) Handbook of water use and conservation. Waterplow Press, Amherst, MA, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2009) Assessment of restrictions on Palestinian water sector development. Sector note for West Bank and Gaza, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Group (2018) Securing water for development in West Bank and Gaza: Sector Note. Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeitoun, M (2007) The conflict versus cooperation paradox: fighting over or sharing of Palestinian-Israeli groundwater. Water Int 36(2):105–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeitoun M (2009) The political economy of water demand management in Yemen and Jordan: a synthesis of findings. International Development Research Centre/WaDImena, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David B. Brooks .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Brooks, D.B., Trottier, J., Giordano, G. (2020). Designing a New Water Future for Israelis and Palestinians. In: Transboundary Water Issues in Israel, Palestine, and the Jordan River Basin. SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0252-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics