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Introduction

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Big Data, Databases and "Ownership" Rights in the Cloud

Part of the book series: Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation ((PLBI))

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Abstract

Information technology law (or IT Law) is a new field that was practically unknown just a few decades ago. It goes back, however, to an era before the personal computer entered into mainstream markets. It was not until the mid-1990s and the rise of the Internet that the union of the fields of IT and Law into a unique system became more necessary.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Oskamp and Lodder (2006, pp. 3–4).

  2. 2.

    Alikhan and Mashelkar (2009, p. 19).

  3. 3.

    With the exception of Mexico and South Korea where database rights similar to the European countries also exists. See Article 108 of Mexico’s Federal Law on Copyright (Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor–LFDA). For a comparative study of the sui generis right between Mexico and the EU, see De La Parra Trujillo (pp. 101–124).

  4. 4.

    The work of Yale Braunstein, see Alikhan and Mashelkar (2009, p. 20).

  5. 5.

    Corrales Compagnucci et al. (2010, p. 287), Guadamuz (2006, p. 321).

  6. 6.

    Bainbridge (2008), Corrales Compagnucci et al. (2010, p. 287), Guadamuz (2006, p. 321).

  7. 7.

    See, generally, Kinsella (2008).

  8. 8.

    Schiaudone (2013, p. 332).

  9. 9.

    Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases.

  10. 10.

    See Digital Single Market, Summary Report of the Public Consultation on the Evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the Legal Protection of Databases , [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/summary-report-public-consultation-legal-protection-databases. Accessed June 10, 2019.

  11. 11.

    See Study in Support of the Evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the Legal Protection of Databases . Available at: https://www.technopolis-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Study-in-Support-of-th-Evaluation-of-the-Database-Directive-.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2019. In response to technological changes, the European Commission concluded the following: “(i) it is not (yet) clear how the sui generis right interacts; (ii) it could be advisable to clarify the notion of database maker; (iii) as far as possible, clarify the notions of substantial investment and substantial part including the notion of recorded and of created data ; (iv) introduce a text and data mining exception; (v) as with European Commission ’s own conclusion to the Digital Economy Package, it is advisable to wait before proceeding to a legislative intervention in this respect.” See also, Vollmer Database Directive Study: Options for Neutralising the Sui Generis Right , [online]. Available at: https://www.communia-association.org/2018/05/10/database-directive-study-options-neutralising-sui-generis-right/. Accessed June 10, 2019.

  12. 12.

    Murugesan and Ananth (2016, p. 4).

  13. 13.

    Muller (2015, p. 168).

  14. 14.

    Horten (2016, p. 135).

  15. 15.

    Lightman (2002), preface.

  16. 16.

    See, generally, Van Schewick (2010).

  17. 17.

    Lessig (1999), Reidenberg (1998, pp. 553–593).

  18. 18.

    See Bygrave and Bing (2009, pp. 3–4) (eds).

  19. 19.

    Balasubramanyam (2013, p. 102).

  20. 20.

    Srinivasan (2014, p. 5).

  21. 21.

    Millham (2012, p. 2).

  22. 22.

    Catlett et al. (2013) (eds.), preface.

  23. 23.

    Kasemsap (2015, p. 31).

  24. 24.

    Biswas (2014, p. 333).

  25. 25.

    Marinescu (2013), preface.

  26. 26.

    Kannan et al. (2016) (eds.), preface.

  27. 27.

    Chen (2014, pp. 12–13).

  28. 28.

    Mosco (2014).

  29. 29.

    Lake and Drake (2014, p. 164), Iannarelly and O’Shaughnessy (2015, p. 40).

  30. 30.

    Mackaay (1982, p. 173).

  31. 31.

    See, generally, Klarman (1991).

  32. 32.

    Viscusi (1998).

  33. 33.

    McCormick (2010, pp. 1–2).

  34. 34.

    An “end-user” is any natural or juridical person (i.e., one individual or a company) using a service deployed on a cloud. An end-user can also be a service software owner that has deployed the service on a given cloud, however, this is not the interpretation adopted in this book.

  35. 35.

    COM (2012) 529, final. Unleash the Potential of Cloud Computing in Europe. Available at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0529:FIN:EN:PDF. Accessed 10 July 2017.

  36. 36.

    Corrales Compagnucci (2012).

  37. 37.

    See, generally, Carr (2008).

  38. 38.

    See, generally, McAfee and Brynjolfsson (2012).

  39. 39.

    See, generally, Hashem et al. (2015, pp. 98–115).

  40. 40.

    See, generally, Al-Khouri (2012, pp. 1–8).

  41. 41.

    Property rights can be categorized in different ways, most of which fall outside the scope of this book. Generally, this term can be broken down in two main areas: (i) corporeal: covering items which relate to an object, a thing. Something tangible that is a physical good, i.e., a car, a computer; (ii) incorporeal: covering items which are not visible to the human eye. Something virtual and intangible by nature, i.e., data or information. See Robson and McCowan (1998, p. 15), Corrales Compagnucci et al. (2010, pp. 293–294), Elkin-Koren and Salzberger (2013, p. 44).

  42. 42.

    Article 11 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the Database Directive. See also Davison (2003, p. 97).

  43. 43.

    See Wu et al. (2013, pp. 235–244).

  44. 44.

    Alkhatib et al. (2014).

  45. 45.

    Thaler and Sunstein (2003, pp. 175–179), Sunstein and Thaler (2003, pp. 1159–1202).

  46. 46.

    Thaler, Sunstein and Balz (2010).

  47. 47.

    Wright and Ginsburg (2012, p. 1033).

  48. 48.

    See Coleman (2001).

  49. 49.

    Trochim (2006).

  50. 50.

    See Hon, Millard and Walden (2012, pp. 79–127).

  51. 51.

    See Vincent, Hart and Morton (2011, pp. 1–29).

  52. 52.

    COM (2012) 529 final, Commission Staff Working Document, Accompanying the document; Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Unleashing the Potential of Cloud Computing in Europe, Brussels, 27 September 2012.

  53. 53.

    Vincent, Hart and Morton (2011, p. 4).

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  1. Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Dr. Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci

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Corrales Compagnucci, M. (2020). Introduction. In: Big Data, Databases and "Ownership" Rights in the Cloud. Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0349-8_1

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