Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Peste Des Petits Ruminant Virus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses

Part of the book series: Livestock Diseases and Management ((LDM))

Abstract

The peste des petits ruminant (PPR) virus is a small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV), formerly known as PPR virus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, and the genotype of the virus is clustered into four lineages, based on the nucleoprotein (N) and fusion (F) gene-based sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The PPR virus causes highly contagious, OIE notifiable and economically important transboundary animal viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants, known as “plague of small ruminant”. PPR is clinically manifested by high fever, nasal and ocular discharges, oral necrotising and erosive ulcers, gastroenteritis, and diarrhoea with respiratory distress followed by bronchopneumonia and death. The most important epizootiological risk parameters of PPR in sheep and goats are the introduction of animals to the flock from the unknown source, along with other management factors and rearing patterns. Though natural transmission occurs in cattle, buffaloes and camels, the clinical form of the disease is generally not observed. PPR can be diagnosed based on the clinical signs, pathological lesions and specific detection of the virus antigen or antibodies or genomic nucleic acid by various serological or molecular assays. With the availability of effective and safe vaccine and enabling of institutional mechanism, many countries implemented the vaccination programme to control the disease. PPR is one of the foremost constraints in enhancing the productivity of sheep and goats in developing countries, particularly affecting the economy of the poor landless, and small or marginal farmers. Considering the importance of sheep and goats in food security and socio-economic growth, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Organisation of Animal Health (OIE) jointly launched an international plan for control and eradication of PPR by 2030. This chapter delivers structures of the PPR virus and its genome organisation and functions, disease transmission, epidemiology and risk factors of the disease, diagnosis, prevention and control measures with perspectives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abraham G, Sintayehu A, Libeau G, Albina E, Roger F, Laekemariam Y, Abayneh D, Awoke KM (2005) Antibody seroprevalences against Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in camels, cattle, goats and sheep in Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 70:51–57

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abubakar M, Ali Q, Khan HA (2008) Prevalence and mortality rate of Peste des petits ruminant (PPR): possible association with abortion in goat. Trop Anim Health Prod 40(5):317–321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abubakar M, Mahapatra M, Muniraju M, Arshed MJ, Khan EH, Banyard AC, Ali Q, Parida S (2017) Serological detection of antibodies to Peste des petits ruminants virus in large ruminants. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(2):513–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adedeji AJ, Dashe Y, Akanbi OB, Woma TY, Jambol AR, Adole JA, Bolajoko MB, Chima N, Asala O, Tekki IS, Luka P, Okewole P (2019) Co-infection of Peste des petits ruminants and goatpox in a mixed flock of sheep and goats in Kanam, North Central Nigeria. Vet Med Sci 5(3):412–418. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.170

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Adombi CM, Waqas A, Dundon WG, Li S, Daojin Y, Kakpo L, Aplogan GL, Diop M, Lo MM, Silber R, Loitsch A, Diallo A (2017) Peste des petits ruminants in Benin: persistence of a single virus genotype in the country for over 42 years. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(4):1037–1044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ali WH, Osman NA, Asil RM, Mohamed BA, Abdelgadir SO, Mutwakil SM, Mohamed NEB (2019) Serological investigations of Peste des petits ruminants among cattle in Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod 51(3):655–659

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almeshay MD, Gusbi A, Eldaghayes I, Mansouri R, Bengoumi M, Dayhum AS (2017) An epidemiological study on Peste des petits ruminants in Tripoli Region, Lybia. Vet Ital 53(3):235–242

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Altan E, Parida S, Mahapatra M, Turan N, Yilmaz H (2019) Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey. Transbound Emerg Dis 66(2):865–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ansari MY, Singh PK, Rajagopalan D, Shanmugam P, Bellur A, Shaila MS (2019) The large protein ‘L’ of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus exhibits RNA triphosphatase activity, the first enzyme in mRNA capping pathway. Virus Genes 55(1):68–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baazizi R, Mahapatra M, Clarke BD, Ait-Oudhia K, Khelef D, Parida S (2017) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): a neglected tropical disease in Maghreb region of North Africa and its threat to Europe. PLoS One 12(4):e0175461

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey D, Banyard AC, Dash P, Ozkul A, Barrett T (2005) Full genome sequence of peste des petits ruminants virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus. Virus Res 110:119–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V (2017) Peste des petits ruminants. In: Bayry J (ed) Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of livestock. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, pp 55–98. ISBN978-3-3-19-47424-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Govindaraj G, Rahman H (2016) Planning, implementation of Peste des petits ruminants control programme and strategies adopted for disease control in India. British J Virol 3:53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Hemadri D, Gajendragad MR, Singh RK, Rahman H (2014a) Diagnosis and control of peste des petits ruminants: a comprehensive review. Virus 25:39–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Krishnamoorthy P, Raju DSN, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Pandey AB, Gajendragad MR, Rahman PK (2014b) Prevalence of Peste-des-petits-ruminant virus antibodies in cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in India. Indian J Virol 25:85–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Krishnamoorthy P, Veeregowda BM, Sen A, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Gajendragad MR, Prabhudas K (2012a) Seroprevalence of Peste des petits ruminants in cattle and buffaloes from Southern Peninsular India. Trop Anim Health Pro 44:301–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Rahman H, Munir M (2015) Host susceptibility to PPR virus. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 39–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Saravanan P, Sen A, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Krishnamoorthy P, Singh RK (2011) Sero-epidemiological study of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in India between 2003 and 2009. Rev Sci Tech 30:889–896

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Saravanan P, Sen A, Rajak KK, Venkatesan G, Krishnamoorthy P, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2012b) Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants among sheep and goats in India. J Vet Sci 13:279–285

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Bhanuprakash V, Patra RC, Swarup D, Mahesh Kumar MP, Yadav MP, Singh RK (2008) Potential antiviral effect of aqueous extract of Acacia arabica leaves on peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus replication. Pharm Biol 46:171–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Singh RP, Singh RK, Rasool TJ, Bandyopadhyay SK (2006) One-step multiplex RT-PCR assay for the detection of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in clinical samples. Vet Res Commun 30:655–666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Bhanot V, Yadav V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2012c) Peste des petits ruminants virus detected in tissues from an Asiatic lion (Panthera Leo Persica) belongs to Asian lineage IV. J Vet Sci 13:203–206

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2012d) Study on passive immunity: time of vaccination in kids born to goats vaccinated against peste des petits ruminants. Virol Sin 27:228–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanot V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2010a) Application of semi-quantitative M gene-based hydrolysis probe (TaqMan) real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus in the clinical samples for investigation into clinical prevalence of disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 57:383–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanot V, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2012e) A rapid and sensitive one step-SYBR green based semi quantitative real time RT-PCR for the detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in the clinical samples. Virol Sin 27:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Yadav V, Bhanot V, Riyesh T, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK (2010b) Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the structural genes of virulent isolates and vaccine strains of Peste des petites ruminants virus from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 57:352–364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banyard AC, Parida S (2015) Molecular epidemiology of PPR. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 69–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Banyard AC, Parida S, Batten C, Oura C, Kwiatek O, Libeau G (2010) Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control. J Gen Virol 91:2885–2897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banyard AC, Wang Z, Parida S (2015) Peste des petits ruminants virus, eastern Asia. Emerg Infect Dis 20:2176–2178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bao J, Li L, Wang Z, Barrett T, Suo L, Zhao W, Liu Y, Liu C, Li J (2008) Development of one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and quantitation of peste des petits ruminants virus. J Virol Methods 148:232–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bao J, Wang Q, Li L, Liu C, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang S, Wu X, Wang Z (2017) Evolutionary dynamics of recent peste des petits ruminants virus epidemic in China during 2013–2014. Virology 510:156–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron J, Bin-Tarif A, Herbert R, Frost L, Taylor G, Baron MD (2015) Early changes in cytokine expression in peste des petits ruminants disease. Vet Res 45:22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baron MD (2015) The molecular biology of PPRV. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 11–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron MD, Diallo A, Lancelot R, Libeau G (2016) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Adv Virus Res 95:1–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baron MD, Diop B, Njeumi F, Willett BJ, Bailey D (2017) Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication. J Gen Virol 98(11):2635–2644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett T, Amarel-Doel C, Kitching RP, Gusev A (1993) Use of the polymerase chain reaction in differentiating rinderpest field virus and vaccine virus in the same animals. Rev Sci Tech 12:865–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basagoudanavar SH, Hosamani M, Muthuchelvan D, Singh RP, Santhamani R, Sreenivasa BP, Saravanan P, Pandey AB, Singh RK, Venkataramanan R (2018) Baculovirus expression and purification of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus nucleocapsid protein and its application in diagnostic assay. Biologicals 55:38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.07.0030

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berguido FJ, Bodjo SC, Loitsch A, Diallo A (2016) Specific detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in sheep and goat sera by the luciferase immunoprecipitation system. J Virol Methods 227:40–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birch J, Juleff N, Heaton MP, Kalbfleisch T, Kijas J, Bailey D (2013) Characterization of ovine Nectin-4, a novel peste des petits ruminants virus receptor. J Virol 87:4756–4761

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bodjo SC, Baziki JD, Nwankpa N, Chitsungo E, Koffi YM, Couacy-Hymann E, Diop M, Gizaw D, Tajelser IBA, Lelenta M, Diallo A, Tounkara K (2018) Development and validation of an epitope-blocking ELISA using an anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibody for specific detection of antibodies in sheep and goat sera directed against peste des petits ruminants virus. Arch Virol 163(7):1745–1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3782-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chard LS, Bailey DS, Dash P, Banyard AC, Barrett T (2008) Full genome sequences of two virulent strains of peste-des-petits ruminants virus, the Coted’Ivoire 1989 and Nigeria 1976 strains. Virus Res 136:192–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary K, Chaubey KK, Singh SV, Kumar N (2015) Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling regulates replication of the peste des petits ruminants virus. Acta Virol 59:78–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng S, Sun J, Yang J, Lv J, Wu F, Lin Y, Liao L, Ye Y, Cao C, Fang L, Hua Q (2017) A new immunoassay of serum antibodies against Peste des petits ruminants virus using quantum dots and a lateral-flow test strip. Anal Bioanal Chem 409(1):133–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke BD, Islam MR, Yusuf MA, Mahapatra M, Parida S (2018) Molecular detection, isolation and characterization of Peste-des-petits ruminants virus from goat milk from outbreaks in Bangladesh and its implication for eradication strategy. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(6):1597–1604. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Couacy-Hymann E, Bodjo C, Danho T, Libeau G, Diallo A (2007) Evaluation of the virulence of some strains of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) in experimentally infected West African dwarf goats. Vet J 173:178–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Couacy-Hymann E, Koffi MY, Kouadio VK, Mossoum A, Kouadio L, Kouassi A, Assemian K, Godji PH, Nana P (2019) Experimental infection of cattle with wild type peste-des-petits-ruminants virus—their role in its maintenance and spread. Res Vet Sci 124:118–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Couacy-Hymann E, Roger F, Hurard C, Guillou JP, Libeau G, Diallo A (2002) Rapid and sensitive detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a polymerase chain reaction assay. J Virol Methods 100:17–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Haan NC, Kimani T, Rushton J, Lubroth J (2015) Why is small ruminant health important–Peste des petits ruminants and its impact on poverty and economics? In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 195–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpeut S, Noyce RS, Richardson CD (2014) The tumor-associated marker, PVRL4 (nectin-4), is the epithelial receptor for morbilliviruses. Viruses 6:2268–2286

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devireddy LR, Raghavan R, Ramachandran S, Shaila MS (1999) The fusion protein of peste des petits ruminants virus is a hemolysin. Arch Virol 144:1241–1247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhanasekaran S, Biswas M, Vignesh AR, Ramya R, Raj GD, Tirumurugaan KG, Raja A, Kataria RS, Parida S, Elankumaran S (2015) Toll-like receptor responses to Peste des petits ruminants virus in goats and water buffalo. PLoS One 9:e111609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhar P, Sreenivasa BP, Barrett T, Corteyn M, Singh RP, Bandyopadhyay SK (2002) Recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Vet Microbiol 88:153–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diallo A (1990) Morbillivirus group: genome organization and proteins. Vet Microbiol 23:55–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diallo A, Minet C, Le Goff C, Berhe G, Albina E, Libeau G, Barrett T (2007) The threat of peste des petits ruminants: progress in vaccine development for disease control. Vaccine 25:5591–5597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dundon WG, Adombi CM, Kanu S, Loitsch A, Cattoli G, Diallo A (2018) Complete genome sequence of a lineage II Peste des petits ruminants virus from sierra Leone. Genome Announc 6(1):e01417

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fakri F, Elarkam A, Daouam S, Tadlaoui K, Fassi-Fihri O, Richardson CD, Elharrak M (2016) VeroNectin-4 is a highly sensitive cell line that can be used for the isolation and titration of Peste des Petits ruminants virus. J Virol Methods 228:135–139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forsyth MA, Barrett T (1995) Detection and differentiation of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses in diagnostic and experimental samples by polymerase chain reaction using P and F gene-specific primers. Virus Res 39:151–163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fournié G, Waret-Szkuta A, Camacho A, Yigezu LM, Pfeiffer DU, Roger F (2018) A dynamic model of transmission and elimination of peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(33):201711646. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711646115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furley CW, Taylor WP, Obi TU (1987) An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection. Vet Rec 121:443–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gargadennec L, Lalanne A (1942) La peste des petits ruminants. Bull Serve Zootech Epizoot Afr Occid Fr 5:16–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Gari G, Serda B, Negesa D, Lemma F, Asgedom H (2017) Serological investigation of Peste des petits ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 17:9769071

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs EP, Taylor WP, Lawman MJ, Bryant J (1979) Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus. Intervirology 11:268–274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gitonga P (2015) Spatial analysis of risk factors and their effects on peste des petits ruminants control strategies in Kajiado and Marsabit pastoral systems of Kenya. Doctor of Philosophy in Dryland Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.5043.4164

  • Govindaraj G, Balamurugan V, Rahman H (2016) Estimation of economic loss of PPR in sheep and goats in India: an annual incidence based analysis. Br J Virol 3(3s):77–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govindarajan R, Koteeswaran A, Venugopalan AT, Shyam G, Shaouna S, Shaila MS, Ramachandran S (1997) Isolation of pestes des petits ruminants virus from an outbreak in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Vet Rec 141:573–574

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gowane GR, Akram N, Misra SS, Prakash V, Kumar A (2018) Genetic diversity of Cahi DRB and DQB genes of caprine MHC class II in Sirohi goat. J Genet 97(2):483–492

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gowane GR, Akram N, Prince LLL, Prakash V, Kumar A (2017) Ovar-MHC polymorphism in Malpura and Avikalin sheep vaccinated for Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Anim Biotechnol 28(4):306–314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gowane GR, Najif Akram SS, Misra VP, Kumar A (2016) Assessment of the antibody response to Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease vaccination in a flock of Sirohi goat kids. Small Rumin Res 138:20–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haffar A, Libeau G, Moussa A, Cècile M, Diallo A (1999) The matrix protein gene sequence analysis reveals close relationship between PPR virus and dolphin morbillivirus. Virus Res 64:69–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huyam AMES, Abdelhamid AMEK, Intisar S, Yahia HA (2014) Seroprevalence and risk factors of Peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Sudan. J Advan Vet Anim Res 1:42–49. https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2014.a12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jagtap SP, Rajak KK, Garg UK, Sen A, Bhanuprakash V, Sudhakar SB, Balamurugan V, Patel A, Ahuja A, Singh RK, Vanamayya PR (2012) Effect of immunosuppression on pathogenesis of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus infection in goats. Microb Pathog 52:217–226

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaisree S, Aravindhbabu RP, Roy P, Jayathangaraj MG (2018) Fatal peste des petits ruminants disease in Chowsingha. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(1):e198–e201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones BA, Rich KM, Mariner JC, Anderson J, Jeggo M, Thevasagayam S, Cai Y, Andrew RP, Peter R (2016) The economic impact of eradicating PPR: a benefit-cost analysis. PLoS One 11(2):E0149982

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kardjadj M, Kouidri B, Metref D, Luka PD, Ben-Mahdi MH (2015) Abortion and various associated risk factors in small ruminants in Algeria. Prev Vet Med 123:97–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalafallaa AI, Saeed IK, Ali YH, Abdurrahman MB, Kwiatekc O, Libeau G, Obeidaa AA, Abbas Z (2010) An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camels in the Sudan. Acta Trop 116:161–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan HA, Siddique M, Rahman S, Abubakar M, Ashraf MJ (2008) The detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Pro 40:521–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khandelwal N, Kaur G, Chaubey KK, Singh P, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Singh SV, Kumar N (2015) Silver nanoparticles impair Peste des petits ruminants virus replication. Virus Res 190:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kivaria FM, Kwiatek O, Kapaga AM, Swai ES, Libeau G, Moshy W, Mbyuzi AO, Gladson J (2013) The incursion, persistence and spread of peste des petits ruminants in Tanzania: epidemiological patterns and predictions. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 80:593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar N, Barua S, Riyesh T, Chaubey KK, Rawat KD, Khandelwal N, Mishra AK, Sharma N, Chandel SS, Sharma S, Singh MK, Sharma DK, Singh SV, Tripathi BN (2016) Complexities in isolation and purification of multiple viruses from mixed viral infections: viral interference, persistence and exclusion. PLoS One 11(5):e0156110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar N, Khandelwal N, Kumar R, Chander Y, Rawat KD, Chaubey KK, Sharma S, Singh SV, Riyesh T, Tripathi BN, Barua S (2019) Inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase impairs multiple steps of paramyxovirus replication. Front Microbiol 10:209

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar N, Maherchandani S, Kashyap SK, Singh SV, Sharma S, Chaubey KK, Ly H (2014) Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of small ruminants: a comprehensive review. Viruses 6(6):2287–2327

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Kumar R, Sharma AK, Tripathi BN (2002) Pathology of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats and sheep : spontaneous study. Indian J Vet Pathol 26:15–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Tripathi BN, Sharma AK, Kumar R, Sreenivasa BP, Singh RP, Dhar P, Bandyopadyaya SK (2004) Pathological and immunohistochemical study of experimental Peste des petits ruminants virus infection in goats. J Veterinary Med Ser B 51:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwiatek O, Ali YH, Saeed IK, Khalafalla AI, Mohamed OI, Obeida AA, Rahman MBA, Osman HM, Taha KM, Abbas Z, Harrak ME, Lhor Y, Diallo A, Lancelot R, Albina E, Libeau G (2011) Asian lineage of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 17:1223–1231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lefèvre PC, Diallo A (1990) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Rev Sci Tech 9:951–965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li L, Wu X, Liu F, Zou Y, Wang Q, Liu C, Bao J, Wang W, Ma W, Lin H, Huang J, Zheng X, Wang Z (2017) Diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminants in wild and domestic animals in Xinjiang, China, 2013–2016. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(6):e43–e47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Bao J, Wu X, Wang Z, Wang J, Gong M, Liu C, Li J (2010) Rapid detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 170:37–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Li L, Fan X, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Sun C, Pan S, Wu X, Wang Z (2018) Development of real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for rapid detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in clinical samples and its comparison with real-time PCR test. Sci Rep 8(1):17760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Libeau G (2015) Current advances in serological diagnosis of PPRV. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 133–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu F (2018) Letter to the editor concerning “First report of peste des petits ruminants virus lineage II in Hydropotes inermis, China” by Zhou et al. Transbound Emerg Dis; 2017: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12683. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(4):1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Wu X, Zou Y, Li L, Liu S, Chi T, Wang Z (2015) Small interfering RNAs targeting peste des petits ruminants virus M mRNA increase virus-mediated fusogenicity and inhibit viral replication in vitro. Antivir Res 123:22–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Wu X, Wang Z, Bao J, Li L, Zhao Y, Li J (2014) Virus excretion and antibody dynamics in goats inoculated with a field isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 60(suppl 2):63–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Yang X, Nian X, Zhang Z, Dou Y, Zhang X, Luo X, Su J, Zhu Q, Cai X (2015) Identification of amino-acid residues in the V protein of peste des petits ruminants essential for interference and suppression of STAT-mediated interferon signaling. Virology 483:54–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma XX, Wang YN, Cao XA, Li XR, Liu YS, Zhou JH, Cai XP (2018) The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus. Genes Genomics 40(9):905–912

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maan S, Kumar A, Gupta AK, Dalal A, Chaudhary D, Gupta TK, Bansal N, Kumar V, Batra K, Sindhu N, Kumar A, Mahajan NK, Maan NS, Mertens PPC (2018) Concurrent infection of bluetongue and Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in small ruminants in Haryana state of India. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(1):235–239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahapatra M, Parida S, Egziabher BG, Diallo A, Barrett T (2003) Sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus: editing of the gene transcript. Virus Res 96(1–2):85–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahapatra M, Sayalel K, Muniraju M, Eblate E, Fyumagwa R, Shilinde L, Mdaki M, Keyyu J, Parida S, Kock R (2015) Spillover of Peste des petits ruminants virus from domestic to wild ruminants in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 21(12):2230–2234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Malik YS, Singh D, Chandrashekar KM, Shukla S, Sharma K, Vaid N, Chakravarti S (2011) Occurrence of dual infection of peste-des-petits-ruminants and goatpox in indigenous goats of Central India. Transbound Emerg Dis 58(3):268–273

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manjunath S, Kumar GR, Mishra BP, Mishra B, Sahoo AP, Joshi CG, Tiwari AK, Rajak KK, Janga SC (2015) Genomic analysis of host—Peste des petits ruminants vaccine viral transcriptome uncovers transcription factors modulating immune regulatory pathways. Vet Res 46:15

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manjunath S, Mishra BP, Mishra B, Sahoo AP, Tiwari AK, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Saxena S, Santra L, Sahu AR, Wani SA, Singh RP, Singh YP, Pandey A, Kanchan S, Singh RK, Kumar GR, Janga SC (2017) Comparative and temporal transcriptome analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virus Res 229:28–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marashi M, Masoudi S, Moghadam MK, Modirrousta H, Marashi M, Parvizifar M, Dargi M, Saljooghian M, Homan F, Hoffmann B, Schulz C, Starick E, Beer M, Fereidouni S (2017) Peste des petits ruminants virus in vulnerable wild small ruminants, Iran, 2014–2016. Emerg Infect Dis 23(4):704–706

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mbyuzi AO, Komba EV, Kimera SI, Kambarage DM (2014) Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of peste des petits ruminants and contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia in goats and sheep in the southern zone of Tanzania. Prev Vet Med 116:138–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal B, Sreenivasa BP, Dhar P, Singh RP, Bandyopadhyay SK (2001) Apoptosis induced by peste des petits ruminants virus in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virus Res 73:113–119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munir M, Zohari S, Berg M (2013) Molecular biology and pathogenesis of Peste des petits ruminants virus. In: Springer Briefs Anim Sci. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, pp 23–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Muniraju M, Munir M, Parthiban AR, Banyard AC, Bao J, Wang Z, Ayebazibwe C, Ayelet G, El Harrak M, Mahapatra M, Libeau G, Batten C, Parida S (2014) Molecular evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus. Emerg Infect Dis 20:2023–2033

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Muthuchelvan D, De A, Debnath B, Choudhary D, Venkatesan G, Rajak KK, Sudhakar SB, Hemadri D, Pandey AB, Parida S (2014) Molecular characterization of peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolated from an outbreak in the Indo-Bangladesh border of Tripura state of North-East India. Vet Microbiol 174(3–4):591–595

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muthuchelvan D, Rajak KK, Ramakrishnan MA, Choudhary D, Bhadouriya S, Saravanan P, Pandey AB, Singh RK (2015) Peste-des-petits-ruminants: an Indian perspective. Adv Anim Vet Sci 3:422–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niyokwishimira A, de D Baziki J, Dundon WG, Nwankpa N, Njoroge C, Boussini H, Wamwayi H, Jaw B, Cattoli G, Nkundwanayo C, Ntakirutimana D, Balikowa D, Nyabongo L, Zhang Z, Bodjo SC (2019) Detection and molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants virus from outbreaks in Burundi, December 2017–January 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 66(5):2067–2073. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • OIE and FAO (2015). Manual on global strategy for the control and eradication of Pesti des petits ruminants. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4460e.pdf

  • OIE—World Organisation for Animal Health (2013) Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. OIE, Paris, pp 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Omani RN, Gitao GC, Gachohi J, Gathumbi PK, Bwihangane BA, Abbey K, Chemweno VJ (2019) Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in dromedary camels and small ruminants in Mandera and Wajir counties of Kenya. Adv Virol 2019:4028720

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Padhi A, Ma L (2014) Genetic and epidemiological insights into the emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) across Asia and Africa. Sci Rep 4:7040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parida S, Couacy-Hymann E, Pope RA, Mahapatra M, El Harrak M, Brownlie J, Banyard AC (2015a) Pathology of PPR. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 51–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Parida S, Muniraju M, Mahapatra M, Muthuchelvan D, Buczkowski H, Banyard AC (2015b) Peste des petits ruminants. Vet Microbiol 181:90–106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parida S, Selvaraj M, Gubbins S, Pope R, Banyard A, Mahapatra M (2019) Quantifying levels of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in excretions from experimentally infected goats and its importance for nascent PPR eradication programme. Viruses 11(3):E249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pawar RM, Raj GD, Kumar TM, Raja A, Balachandran C (2008) Effect of siRNA mediated suppression of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule on replication of peste des petits ruminants virus in vitro. Virus Res 136:118–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Polci A, Cosseddu GM, Ancora M, Pinoni C, El Harrak M, Sebhatu TT, Ghebremeskel E, Sghaier S, Lelli R, Monaco F (2015) Development and preliminary evaluation of a new real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus genome. Transbound Emerg Dis 62:332–338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pope RA, Parida S, Bailey D, Brownlie J, Barrett T, Banyard AC (2013) Early events following experimental infection with Peste-Des-Petits ruminants virus suggest immune cell targeting. PLoS One 8(2):e55830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qi X, Wang T, Xue Q, Li Z, Yang B, Wang J (2018) MicroRNA expression profiling of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to peste des petits ruminants virus infection. Vet Res 49(1):62

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahaman A, Srinivasan N, Shamala N, Shaila MS (2003) The fusion core complex of the peste des petits ruminants virus is a six-helix bundle assembly. Biochemistry 42(4):922–931

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman A-U, Wensman JJ, Abubakar M, Shabbir MZ, Rossiter P (2018) Peste des petits ruminants in wild ungulates. Trop Anim Health Prod 50(8):1815–1819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1623-1626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman UA, Abubakar M, Rasool MH, Manzoor S, Saqalein M, Rizwan M, Munir M, Ali Q, Wensman JJ (2016) Evaluation of risk factors for Peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goats at the wildlife-livestock interface in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Biomed Res Int 2016:7826245

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj GD, Thangavelu A, Munir M (2015) Strategies and future of global eradication of PPRV. In: Munir M (ed) Peste des petits ruminants virus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 227–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj GD, Rajanathan TM, Kumar CS, Ramathilagam G, Hiremath G, Shaila MS (2008) Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antigen using immunofiltration and antigen-competition ELISA methods. Vet Microbiol 129(3–4):246–251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajak KK, Sreenivasa BP, Hosamani M, Singh RP, Singh SK, Singh RK, Bandyopadhyay SK (2005) Experimental studies on immunosuppressive effects of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in goats. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 28:287–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ratta B, Pokhriyal M, Singh SK, Kumar A, Saxena M, Sharma B (2016) Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) genome from nasal swabs of dogs. Curr Microbiol 73(1):99–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas JM, Rodríguez-Martín D, Avia M, Martín V, Sevilla N (2019) Peste des petits ruminants virus fusion and hemagglutinin proteins trigger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in infected cells. Front Immunol 9:3172

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rony MS, Rahman AKMA, Alam MM, Dhand N, Ward MP (2017) Peste des petits ruminants risk factors and space-time clusters in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 64(6):2042–2048

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Santhamani R, Singh RP, Njeumi F (2016) Peste des petits ruminants diagnosis and diagnostic tools at a glance: perspectives on global control and eradication. Arch Virol 161(11):2953–2967

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz Bernardo B, Goodbourn S, Baron MD (2017) Control of the induction of type I interferon by Peste des petits ruminants virus. PLoS One 12(5):e0177300

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan P, Singh RP, Balamurugan V, Dhar P, Sreenivasa BP, Muthuchelvan D, Sen A, Aleyas AG, Singh RK, Bandyopadhyay SK (2004) Development of a N gene-based PCR-ELISA for detection of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in clinical samples. Acta Virol 48(4):249–255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan P, Balamurugan V, Sen A, Sreenivasa BP, Singh RP, Bandyopadhyay SK, Singh RK (2010) Long term immune response of goats to a Vero cell adapted live attenuated homologous PPR vaccine. Indian Vet J 87:1–3

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz C, Fast C, Schlottau K, Hoffmann B, Beer M (2018) Neglected hosts of small ruminant Morbillivirus. Emerg Infect Dis 24(12):2334–2337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sen A, Saravanan P, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Venkatesan G, Sarkar J, Rajak KK, Ahuja A, Yadav V, Sudhakar SB, Parida S, Singh RK (2014) Detection of subclinical peste des petits ruminants virus infection in experimental cattle. Virus 25:488–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seth S, Shaila MS (2001) The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of peste des petits ruminants virus is biologically active when transiently expressed in mammalian cells. Virus Res 75:169–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Settypalli TB, Lamien CE, Spergser J, Lelenta M, Wade A, Gelaye E, Loitsch A, Minoungou G, Thiaucourt F, Diallo A (2016) One-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay for the detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Capripoxvirus, Pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma capricolum subspecies (ssp.) capripneumoniae. PLoS One 11(4):e0153688

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Şevik M, Oz ME (2019) Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus RNA in Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Turkey. Vet Ital 55(2):173–179

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaila MS, Purushothaman V, Bhavasar D, Venugopal K, Venkatesan RA (1989) Peste des petits ruminants in India. Vet Rec 125:602

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaila MS, Shamaki D, Forsyth MA, Drallo A, Groatley L, Kitching RP, Barrett T (1996) Geographic distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants viruses. Virus Res 43:149–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shatar M, Khanui B, Purevtseren D, Khishgee B, Loitsch A, Unger H, Settypalli TBK, Cattoli G, Damdinjav B, Dundon WG (2017) First genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from Mongolia. Arch Virol 162(10):3157–3160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Balamurugan V, Bhanuprakash V, Sen A, Saravanan P, Yadav MP (2009) Control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in India: possibility. Vet Ital 45:449–462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP (2011) Control strategies for peste des petits ruminants in small ruminants of India. Rev Sci Tech 30:879–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Bandyopadhyay SK (2015) Peste des petits ruminants vaccine and vaccination in India: sharing experience with disease endemic countries. Virus Dis 26(4):215–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Saravanan P, Sreenivasa BP, Singh RK, Bandyopadhyay SK (2004a) Prevalence and distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus infection in small ruminants in India. Rev Sci Tech 23:807–819

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Sreenivasa BP, Dhar P, Bandyopadhyay SK (2004b) A sandwich-ELISA for the diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection in small ruminants using anti-nucleocapsid protein monoclonal antibody. Arch Virol 149:2155–2170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Sreenivasa BP, Dhar P, Shah LC, Bandyopadhyay SK (2004c) Development of a monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Vet Microbiol 98:3–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sreenivasa BP, Singh RP, Mondal B, Dhar P, Bandyopadhyay SK (2006) Marmoset B95a cells: a sensitive system for cultivation of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Vet Res Commun 30:103–108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsuo H, Ono N, Yanagi Y (2001) Morbilliviruses use signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (CD150) as cellular receptors. J Virol 75(13):5842–5850

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor W (2016) The global eradication of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) within15 years—is this a pipe dream? Trop Anim Health Prod 48(3):559–567

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor WP (1984) The distribution and epidemiology of Peste des petits ruminants. Prev Vet Med 2:157–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teshale S, Moumin G, Moussa C, Gezahegne M (2018) Seroprevalence and risk factors for peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Djibouti. Rev Sci Tech 37(3):961–969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi BN, Chhattopadhyay SK, Parihar NS (1996) Clinicopathological studies on an outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in goats and sheep. Indian J Vet Pathol 20:99

    Google Scholar 

  • Truong T, Boshra H, Embury-Hyatt C, Nfon C, Gerdts V, Tikoo S, Babiuk LA, Kara P, Chetty T, Mather A, Wallace DB, Babiuk S (2015) Peste des petits ruminants virus tissue tropism and pathogenesis in sheep and goats following experimental infection. PLoS One 9:e87145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Ou C, Dou Y, Chen L, Meng X, Liu X, Yu Y, Jiang J, Ma J, Zhang Z, Hu J, Cai X (2017) M protein is sufficient for assembly and release of Peste des petits ruminants virus-like particles. Microb Pathog 107:81–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wasee Ullah R, Bin Zahur A, Latif A, Iqbal Dasti J, Irshad H, Afzal M, Rasheed T, Rashid Malik A, Qureshi ZU (2016) Detection of Peste des petits ruminants viral RNA in fecal samples of goats after an outbreak in Punjab Province of Pakistan: a longitudinal study. Biomed Res Int 2016:1486824

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woma TY, Ekong PS, Bwala DG, Ibu JO, Ta’ama L, Dyek DY, Saleh L, Shamaki D, Kalla DJ, Bailey D, Kazeem HM, Quan M (2016) Serosurvey of peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants from different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 83(1):1035

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang B, Qi X, Guo H, Jia P, Chen S, Chen Z, Wang T, Wang J, Xue Q (2018a) Peste des petits ruminants virus enters caprine endometrial epithelial cells via the Caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway. Front Microbiol 9:210

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang B, Xue Q, Qi X, Wang X, Jia P, Chen S, Wang T, Xue T, Wang J (2018b) Autophagy enhances the replication of Peste des petits ruminants virus and inhibits caspase-dependent apoptosis in vitro. Virulence 9(1):1176–1194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Qin X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Zhu X, Cong G, Li Y, Zhang Z (2017) Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of goatpox virus and sheeppox virus. Virol J 14(1):131

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousuf RW, Sen A, Mondal B, Biswas SK, Chand K, Rajak KK, Gowane GR, Sudhakar SB, Pandey AB, Ramakrishnan MA, Muthuchelvan D (2015) Development of a single-plate combined indirect ELISA (CI-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against peste-des-petits-ruminants and bluetongue viruses in goats. Small Rumin Res 124:137–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu R, Zhu R, Gao W, Zhang M, Dong S, Chen B, Yu L, Xie C, Jiang F, Li Z (2017) Fine mapping and conservation analysis of linear B-cell epitopes of peste des petits ruminants virus hemagglutinin protein. Vet Microbiol 208:110–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yunus M, Shaila MS (2012) Establishment of an in vitro transcription system for Peste des petits ruminant virus. Virol J 9:302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zahur AB, Irshad H, Ullah A, Afzal M, Latif A, Ullah RW, Farooq U, Samo MH, Jahangir M, Ferrari G, Hussain M, Ahmad MM (2014) Peste des petits ruminants vaccine (Nigerian strain 75/1) confers protection for at least 3 years in sheep and goats. J Biosci Med 2:23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Zakian A, Nouri M, Kahroba H, Mohammadian B, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR (2016) The first report of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 48(6):1215–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Liu W, Chen W, Li C, Xie M, Bu Z (2016) Development of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for the detection of antibodies against Peste des petits ruminants virus based on BHK-21 cell line stably expressing the goat signaling lymphocyte activation molecule. PLoS One 11(10):e0165088

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Z, Mei L, Wang J, Wu S, Lin X (2018) Development of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for the rapid detection of peste des petits ruminants virus. J Virol Methods 254:35–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XY, Wang Y, Zhu J, Miao QH, Zhu LQ, Zhan SH, Wang GJ, Liu GQ (2018) First report of peste des petits ruminants virus lineage II in Hydropotes inermis, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 65(1):e205–e209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Li P, Yang F, Cao W, Zhang X, Dang W, Ma X, Tian H, Zhang K, Zhang M, Xue Q, Liu X, Zheng H (2019) Peste des petits ruminants virus nucleocapsid protein inhibits interferon-β production by interacting with IRF3 to block its activation. J Virol 93(16):e00362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

All the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their respective universities and institutes.

Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Information (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy & Govindaraj Gurrappa Naidu

  2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Parimal Roy

Authors
  1. Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Govindaraj Gurrappa Naidu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Parimal Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Balamurugan Vinayagamurthy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  2. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj Kumar Singh

  3. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mahendra Pal Yadav

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Vinayagamurthy, B., Gurrappa Naidu, G., Roy, P. (2020). Peste Des Petits Ruminant Virus. In: Malik, Y., Singh, R., Yadav, M. (eds) Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses . Livestock Diseases and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation