Abstract
In this article, a 2D FEM model is built to simulate the heat transfer and fluid flow in the laser cladding process of the Ti6Al4V alloy. Physical phenomena such as melt pool generation, mass addition due to powder flow, Marangoni convection, and re-solidification of the melt pool have been incorporated in the developed model. The governing equations pertaining to mass, momentum, and energy were solved in a Lagrangian moving frame to predict temperature and velocity field along with geometrical dimensions of the deposited clad. The temperature and temperature gradients were calculated at “14” located points in three different directions, to scrutinize the thermal behavior of the melt pool. Further, the influence of driving forces such as Marangoni force and thermal buoyancy force was analyzed. The prediction of microstructure evolution was based on the estimation of the temperature gradient, cooling rate, and solidification rate in the fusion zone.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Leyens, C., Peters, M.: Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley (2003)
Hussain, M., Kumar, V., Mandal, V., Singh, P.K., Kumar, P., Das, A.K.: Development of cBN reinforced Ti6Al4V MMCs through laser sintering and process optimization. Mater. Manuf. Process. 32(14), 1667–1677 (2017)
Jiang, P., He, X.L., Li, X.A., Yu, L.G., Wang, H.M.: Wear resistance of a laser surface alloyed Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Surf. Coat. Technol. 130(1), 24–28 (2000)
Gray, J., Luan, B.: Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys—a critical review. J. Alloy. Compd. 336(1–2), 88–113 (2002)
Hussain, M., Mandal, V., Kumar, V., Das, A.K., Ghosh, S.K.: Development of TiN particulates reinforced SS316 based metal matrix composite by direct metal laser sintering technique and its characterization. Opt. Laser Technol. 97, 46–59 (2017)
Peyre, P., Aubry, P., Fabbro, R., Neveu, R., Longuet, A.: Analytical and numerical modelling of the direct metal deposition laser process. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 41(2), 025403 (2008)
Kong, F., Kovacevic, R.: Modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in the laser multilayered cladding process. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 41(6), 1310–1320 (2010)
Bedenko, D.V., Kovalev, O.B., Smurov, I., Zaitsev, A.V.: Numerical simulation of transport phenomena, formation the bead and thermal behavior in application to industrial DMD technology. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 95, 902–912 (2016)
Kumar, A., Roy, S.: Effect of three-dimensional melt pool convection on process characteristics during laser cladding. Comput. Mater. Sci. 46(2), 495–506 (2009)
Gan, Z., Yu, G., He, X., Li, S.: Numerical simulation of thermal behavior and multicomponent mass transfer in direct laser deposition of Co-base alloy on steel. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 104, 28–38 (2017)
Morville, S., Carin, M., Peyr, P., Gharbi, M., Carron, D., Le Masson, P., Fabbro, R.: 2D longitudinal modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow during multilayered direct laser metal deposition process. J. Laser Appl. 24(3), 032008 (2012)
Boivineau, M., Cagran, C., Doytier, D., Eyraud, V., Nadal, M.H., Wilthan, B., Pottlacher, G.: Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) alloy. Int. J. Thermophys. 27(2), 507–529 (2006)
Sharma, S., Mandal, V., Ramakrishna, S.A., Ramkumar, J.: Numerical simulation of melt hydrodynamics induced hole blockage in Quasi-CW fiber laser micro-drilling of TiAl6V4. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 262, 131–148 (2018)
Ho, Y.H., Vora, H.D., Dahotre, N.B.: Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability. J. Biomater. Appl. 29(7), 915–928 (2015)
Gan, Z., Liu, H., Li, S., He, X., Yu, G.: Modeling of thermal behavior and mass transport in multi-layer laser additive manufacturing of Ni-based alloy on cast iron. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 111, 709–722 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mandal, V., Sharma, S., Ramkumar, J. (2020). Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Co-axial Laser Cladding of Ti6Al4V Alloys. In: Shunmugam, M., Kanthababu, M. (eds) Advances in Simulation, Product Design and Development. Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9487-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9487-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9486-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9487-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)