Abstract
About 260 species of non-marine Ostracoda appeared and, for the most part, became extinct during the approximately 65 million years of the Cenozoic Era in the western United States. Lacustrine rock sequences containing the ostracode faunas in the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin total as much as 10.000 m.
Important new appearances occurred in the early Paleocene, late Paleocene?-early Eocene, late Eocene-Oligocene?, late Oligocene?-early Miocene, and late? Pliocene Epochs. Major extinctions took place in the middle and late Eocene, late Miocene, and Pliocene and early Pleistocene Epochs.
Duration of individual species appears to have been of the order of one to five million years, but evidence for both shorter and much longer species duration also exists. More highly ornamented species had typically shorter life spans than did the simpler forms.
Climatically and tectonically controlled onset of lacustrine conditions and the rapidity with which eutrophication developed were mainly responsible for the appearance of new populations. Modification of the populations and their demise seems to have been largely the result of volcanic activity, progress of the lakes toward alkaline or saline conditions, prevailing temperature and perhaps other factors.
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References
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Swain, F.M. (1990). Species duration and extinction patterns in Cenozoic non-marine Ostracoda, Western United States. In: Kauffman, E.G., Walliser, O.H. (eds) Extinction Events in Earth History. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 30. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0011162
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0011162
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